【正文】 there may have been a small group of wild dogs that were naturally friendlier. “Humans are very sensitive to eye contact. By using this special munication tool, the dogs are able to win over our hearts. If they are more likely to make eye contact, it would be easier for them to bond with dog owners,” Kikusui said.（1）According to Paragraph 1, people say “A” to . A.make the dog stare at themB.express their love for the dogsC.draw the dogs39。 attention awayD.warn the dogs not to approach them（2）According to the passage, oxytocin can . A.reduce animals pain of giving birthB.motivate animals desires to protect othersC.help animals to develop a better relationshipD.enable animals to survive more easily from dangers（3）The underlined words the change in Paragraph 4 refer to that . A.dogs became friends with humansB.wolves begin to bond with humansC.dogs and wolves are best friendsD.dogs were domesticated by humans（4）What39。s the purpose of the passage? A.To call on humans to be friendly to dogs.B.To give advice on how to get along with dogs.C.To introduce the evolution process of wild dogs.D.To explain why humans and dogs are connected.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文為應(yīng)用文。本文主要敘述科學(xué)家解開了狗與人類的關(guān)系為何演變成今日如此這般和諧的原因之謎。（1）推理判斷題。第一段開頭When a dog looks at you with big puppydog eyes, it39。s hard for you to go away, and you may speak out “A” without hesitation. However, there39。s a reason why you find a dogs stare so ，你毫不猶豫地說“A”，不愿意離開。這是因?yàn)槟阌X得狗的注意力很有吸引力，狗吸引了你，說明你愛狗。故答案選B。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段開頭的…after the pets and their owners spent half an hour together, both showed a rise in oxytocin (催產(chǎn)素). One key role of this hormone in many animals is to promote bonding, …寵物和主人在一起半個小時，人與狗身上的催產(chǎn)素就會增加了。這種激素在許多動物中的關(guān)鍵作用就是促進(jìn)關(guān)系。說明，催產(chǎn)系可以幫助動物加強(qiáng)聯(lián)系，提升關(guān)系。故答案選C。（3）推理判斷題。第三、四兩段給狗催產(chǎn)素，它們注視主人時間更長。但是只有母狗會如此，所以給狗催產(chǎn)素后，狗的反應(yīng)不一樣。這些實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果可能有助于解決一個古老的問題：現(xiàn)代狗的可怕狼祖先是如何變成人類最好的朋友的？從事這項(xiàng)研究的動物科學(xué)家Takefumi Kikusui認(rèn)為，這種變化就是狗最初成為家畜時發(fā)生的變化。由此可推斷出，這種變化就是狗由令人害怕的狼祖先變成人類最好的朋友。分析選項(xiàng)可知，故答案選A。（4）主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文解釋了狗與人類的關(guān)系如何演變成今天的如此和諧的朋友關(guān)系的原因。分析選項(xiàng)可知D項(xiàng)（解釋人類和狗連系的原因）符合題意，故答案選D。【點(diǎn)評】閱讀理解題主旨大意及段落大意解題技巧：位于段首：一般而言，以演繹法撰寫的文章，主題句往往在文章的開頭，即先點(diǎn)出主題，然后圍繞這一主題作具體的陳述。位于段尾：有些文章會在開頭列舉事實(shí), 然后通過論證闡述作者的核心論點(diǎn)。位于段中：有時段落是先介紹背景和細(xì)節(jié)，接著用一句綜合或概括性的話概括前面所說的內(nèi)容或事例，然后再圍繞主題展開對有關(guān)問題的深入討論。首尾呼應(yīng)：主題句在段落的開頭和結(jié)尾兩個位置上先后出現(xiàn)，形成前呼后應(yīng)的格局。8．閱讀理解 Our mother earth is going through a very tough situation and we, the entire human race, are destroying our environment or unconsciously without even realizing its consequences. Now we have to act very smartly and plan something to sustain what we still have, getting all necessary support from nature to lead healthy lives. Gardening is always an excellent and environmentally friendly idea. If you can go for sustainable gardening, then it will be even more useful for all. Gardening is a favorite hobby for many. It is time to channelize your hobby towards a more meaningful motivation. When we do gardening we need to use different ingredients to grow plants. Some of them are natural resources like water, soil, sunshine, and many things like this. Using these resources smartly is a part of sustainable gardening. Some simple techniques include: use less water and organic things to grow plants。 try to store rainwater so that you can use them for gardening。 try using less energy to drive devices。 avoid using plastics in any form while gardening。 reuse the leaves from your garden to fertilize them. These are the basic sustainable measures. To do so we need to have proper knowledge about gardening and its requirements so that we can use proper resources without wasting any of them. In today39。s busy life we don39。t get much time to spend on our environment. Gardening gives us a chance to do so. We can also have some pesticidefree and fresh food if we grow them in our garden. This is the right time to do some good to protect our own environment and gardening is one of the easiest ways. Do you want to start gardening, but you39。re not sure how? Click here: ://. Garden how .（1）What does the underlined word “channelize in Paragraph 2 refer to? A.Cause.B.Transform.C.Direct.D.Associate.（2）Which of the following belongs to a sustainable measure? A.Using advanced electrical machines.B.Avoiding fertilizers.C.Watering plants with collected rainwater.D.Clearing away the leaves.（3）What is the benefit of sustainable gardening? A.It requires little water.B.It needs no fertilizer.C.It breaks up plastics.D.It doesn39。t waste any resource.（4）Where is the passage probably taken from? A.A newspaper.B.The Internet.C.A guidebook.D.A science report.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）D（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹怎樣合理利用資源發(fā)展園藝，不浪費(fèi)資源，不產(chǎn)生對環(huán)境有害的物質(zhì)以保護(hù)地球。（1）考查詞義猜測。本句中channelize來源于channel“渠道，頻道”，根據(jù)已有的意思于選項(xiàng)相結(jié)合可知，channelize為指導(dǎo)，導(dǎo)向的意思，故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“try to store rainwater so that you can use them for gardening”可知，使用存儲的雨水來澆灌植物，是屬于可持續(xù)發(fā)展的措施，故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“To do so we need to have proper knowledge about gardening and its requirements so that we can use proper resources without wasting any of them.”可知，用這樣的方法，可以合理利用資源，不浪費(fèi)資源，故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Click here: ://. garden how .”可知，本文來源于網(wǎng)站，故選B。【點(diǎn)評