【正文】 ay rise, or a promotion, if they are not seen to be putting in maximum effort. This is easily confused with long hours. Managers, who are often no good at judging employees39。 performance, use time in the office as a measure. The consequence is often wasted effort. We pretend to work and managers pretend to believe us. Rather than work hard, you try to make bosses think that you are. Leaving a jacket on your office chair, walking around purposefully with a notebook and sending out s at odd hours are three of the bestknown tricks. After a while this can result in collective selfdelusion that this pretence is actual work. But presenteeism has more serious consequences. It is perhaps most mon in Japan, where people attend the office even when they are in disfort. In doing so, they are doing neither themselves nor their employers any favours. As well as reducing productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer. According to a study in the Journal of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, these costs can be six times higher for employers than the costs of absenteeism among workers. Those workers were more likely to experience greater pain and to suffer from depression. In the evolution of humanity, presenteeism is a recent phenomenon. In the industrial era, workers were paid not for their output but for their time, and were required to clock in and out. But modern machinery like smartphones and laptops is portable. Turning an office into a prison, with prisoners allowed home for the evenings, does nothing for the creativity that is increasingly demanded of office workers as routine tasks are automated. To be productive you need presence of mind, not being present in the flesh.（1）What can we learn from Paragraph2and Paragraph 3? A.Employees often have to work extra hours.B.Extra effort improves employees39。 productivity.C.996 model is well received around the world.D.Both bosses and employees are devoted to their jobs.（2）What does the underlined This in Paragraph 4 refer to? A.Hoping to get a pay rise.B.Going home after the boss.C.Putting in maximum effort.D.Judging employees39。 performance.（3）Which of the following is one the results of longtime presenteeism? A.Reducing medical costs of employees.B.Making employees more hardworking.C.Increasing the petition among employees.D.Worsening employees39。 physical and mental condition.（4）What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph? A.Employees should be treated as prisoners.B.Productivity can39。t be measured by presenteeism now.C.Office tasks usually can39。t be carried out automatically.D.Office workers should be allowed to be absentminded.【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）D（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文作者主要針對(duì)員工加班問(wèn)題提出看法：長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的加班不僅工作效率低下，還造成身體不適，想要提高效率，必須是身心俱在的狀態(tài)，不能只是形式上的出勤主義。 （1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章3段，第二段講的是馬云贊成996工作制，第三段講的是你努力讓自己看上去很忙。As the clock ticks past 5 pm, there may be no purpose in staying at your desk. But you can see your boss hard at work and, more importantly, they can see you. So you make an effort to look busy. 這說(shuō)明員工往往要加班。故答案為A。 （2）詞義猜測(cè)題。對(duì)this所在段落進(jìn)行三句讀。Staff may feel that they will not get a pay rise, or a promotion, if they are not seen to be putting inmaximum effort. This is easily confused with long hours. Managers, who are often no good at judging employees39。 performance, use time in the office as a measure.（員工可能會(huì)覺(jué)得，如果他們沒(méi)有盡最大努力工作，就不會(huì)得到加薪或升職。這很容易與長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作混淆。經(jīng)理們通常不善于判斷員工的表現(xiàn)，他們把在辦公室的時(shí)間作為衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。）因此this指的是putting in maximum effort。故答案為C。 （3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段我們可知后果是：人們即使在不舒服的時(shí)候也會(huì)去上班，會(huì)降低生產(chǎn)率，還會(huì)增加雇主的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。這些工人更容易遭受更大的痛苦和抑郁。故答案為D。 （4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段原文可知In the evolution of humanity, presenteeism is a recent 。To be productive you need presence of mind being present in the ，那就需要身心俱在，而不是單純的presenteeism。故答案為B。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題和詞義猜測(cè)題三種?？碱}型。細(xì)節(jié)理解題回歸原文找對(duì)應(yīng)詞，推理判斷題結(jié)合上下文合理推斷，詞義猜測(cè)題，尤其是代詞，可向前搜尋，找最近的名詞驗(yàn)證。9．閱讀短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 HONG KONGCrossborder buses operated by Hong Kong panies on Friday started trial runs on the Hong KongZhuhaiMacao Bridge (HZMB) in preparation for the bridge39。s uping opening. The trial runs, arranged by the governments of the Chinese mainland, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) and the Macao SAR, would last for three days and aimed at testing the readiness of boundary crossing facilities (設(shè)施) of the three places, the Hong Kong SAR government39。s Transport and Housing Bureau told Xinhua. Two major crossboundary coach trade associations in Hong Kong were invited to send buses and members to participate in the trial runs. Freeman Cheung, secretary of Hong Kong Guangdong Boundary Crossing Bus Association, said his association would run one bus with about 10 passengers on Friday and Saturday respectively as part of the trial runs. Our bus started at noon from the Hong Kong Boundary Crossing Facilities and ran all the way to Zhuhai in about 40 minutes, he said, adding that the journey was smooth. Alan Chan, secretary of another trade association who participated in the trial runs as a passenger, said the clearance procedures at boundary crossing facilities of the three places all went on well and smoothly. The boundary crossing facilities of Zhuhai and Macao, in particular, are operated in a collaborative (合作的) way, which helps remarkably shorten the time needed for the clearance procedures, he said. The HZMB, situated at the waters of Lingdingyang of Pearl River Estuary, is a megasize sea crossing linking the Hong Kong SAR, Zhuhai city of Guangdong Province and the Macao SAR. The 55km bridge is the longest bridgeandtunnel (隧道) sea crossing in the world. The bridge is meant to meet the demand of passenger and freight land transport among Hong Kong, the Chinese mainland and Macao, and to establish a new land transport link between the east and west banks of the Pearl River.（1）We learn from the passage that ________. A.Alan Chan participated in the trial runs as a driverB.two coach trade associations in Zhuhai took part in the tri