【正文】 。D.They must be submitted as early as possible.（3）How are winners chosen for the Nonfiction Contest? A.Two winners every two months.B.Two winners every month.C.One winner every month.D.One winner every two months.【答案】 （1）D（2）D（3）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了Teen Ink（美國(guó)青少年文學(xué)雜志）舉辦的三項(xiàng)寫作比賽。他們分別是:Educator of the Year Contest,Cover Art Contest,Nonfiction Contest。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一則信息中的“Cash awards will be given to educators from across the country honored as Teen Ink Educators of the Year. Winning essays are published in Teen Ink magazine.”可知獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)有兩種:對(duì)被授予Teen Ink Educators of the Year稱號(hào)的老師給與現(xiàn)金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),學(xué)生的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)是把獲勝文章在Teen Ink雜志上發(fā)表。故選D。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二則信息中的“Keep in mind your submission has a seasonal or holiday theme, it39。s best to send it early.”牢記:你的提交要有季節(jié)性或節(jié)日性主題,最好早點(diǎn)提交，可知對(duì)于照片或藝術(shù)作品要盡早提交。故選D。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三則信息中的“write a memorable nonfiction piece and you may be one of our two monthly winners.”寫一篇值得紀(jì)念的紀(jì)實(shí)性文章,你會(huì)成為我們每月兩名獲勝者中的一員?？芍獙?duì)于Nonfiction Contest,每個(gè)月有兩名獲勝者。故選B。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，要求考生準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解 By the time you read these words, winter should have gone within the Northern Hemisphere (半球). But at its worst, this winter was unusually cold. Here in New York City on January 31, the low temperature dropped to 17℃. In Chicago, it was also 17℃—but that was the high. The low jumped to 29℃. And the wind chill within the Windy City was 44℃ or 46℃, relying on which climate station was crying out in pain. As ic Lewis Black said, That is not weather. That39。s an emergency condition. When the forecast warned us a few days earlier that Arctic air was looming (陰森地逼近), President Trump issued a sincere and helpful tweet, which ended with: What the hell is going on with Global Warming? Please e back fast, we need you! And being the most powerful man on Earth, he was successful in his polite request. On February 4 the Chicago temperature reached 11℃. And the following day the Big Apple was in a sunny 19℃. The Arctic is warming at twice the speed as the global average. This heat might help disrupt (打破) the polar vortex, a gradual wind pattern that usually stays focused on circling the North Pole. A shaky jet stream (高速氣流) then runs right into a brick wall of that Arctic air, which continues to be fairly cold by human standards, and both wind up lots of miles farther south than they usually belong. And for a few days we in the Deep South—by which I mean Chicago or New York pared with the Arctic—freeze our butts off. But less than a week later, thanks to some warm air ing up from the real South, I was walking outside without a coat on a date when the temperature in Chicago reached 11℃ on February 4. Like so much else we are currently living through, this experience is not normal. Or it didn39。t used to be, anyway. After all, scientists have been warming—sorry, warning—that warming can have these very results. Climate change deniers may sneer (冷笑), So when it39。s warmer than usual, that39。s because of global warming. And when it39。s colder, that39。s also because of global warming? Well, yes. And anybody who just can39。t accept these kinds of seemingly paradoxical conditions needs to reflect on the expression freezer burn.（1）By mentioning Lewis Black39。s words in Paragraph 1, the author intends to . A.indicate how unusual the winter39。s weather wasB.suggest the north isn39。t a suitable place to liveC.remind people never to forget the past winterD.urge people to take action against the emergency（2）What led to the sudden increase in the Chicago temperature on February 4? A.The cold Arctic air.B.Trump39。s sincere tweet.C.Warm air from the real South.D.Disruption of polar vortex.（3）Why does the author use the expression freezer burn? A.To show readers his concerns about the extreme weather.B.To prove global warming to be the cause of the extreme weather.C.To cast doubt about scientists39。 study on the paradoxical conditions.D.To express his disapproval of the result of the paradoxical conditions.【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）B 【解析】【分析】本文主要報(bào)道了在北半球這個(gè)時(shí)候像紐約、芝加哥等城市冬天不僅沒走,反而出現(xiàn)了極不尋常的寒冷天氣。文中分析了其原因。 （1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Lewis Black的話的意思是：那不是天氣。這是緊急情況。然后根據(jù)上文的描述the low temperature dropped to 17176。C. In Chicago, it was also 17176。C—but that was the high. The low jumped to 29176。C. And the wind chill within the Windy City was 44℃ or 46℃可知天氣情況極其惡劣。因此這句話是突出了天氣的極其異常。故答案為A。 （2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段But less than a week later, thanks to some warm air ing up from real south, I was walking outside without a coat on a date when the temperature in Chicago因此真正的原因是南方傳來(lái)的暖氣。文中And being the most powerful man on Earth, he was successful in his polite request.只是玩笑,不能作為真正的答案。故答案為C。 （3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段原文，文中這個(gè)詞出現(xiàn)在Well, yes. And anybody who just can39。t accept these kinds of seemingly paradoxical conditions needs to reflect on the expression freezer burn.因此這個(gè)詞的目的是反擊那些Climate change deniers所以作者是支持global warming的，是為了證明全球變暖是極端天氣的原因。故答案為B。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及了細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題兩種?？碱}型。細(xì)節(jié)理解題查找原文關(guān)鍵詞，推理判斷題根據(jù)上下文的理解進(jìn)行合理的推理，不主觀臆斷。9．閱讀理解 If spending is a measure of what matters, then the people of the developing world place a high value on brains. While private spending on education has not changed much in the rich world in the past ten years, in China and India it has more than doubled. Since brainpower is the primary generator of progress, this burst of enthusiasm for investing in private education is excellent news for the world. But not everybody is delighted. Because private education increases inequality, some governments are trying to stop its advance. That39。s wrong: they should wele it, and spread its benefits more widely. ① Education used to be provided by religious institutions or entrepreneurs. But when governments, starting in Prussia in the 18th century, got into the business of nationbuilding, they realized they could use education to shape young minds. As state systems grew, private schooling was left to the elite and the pious(虔誠(chéng)的). Now it is enjoying popularity again, for several reasons. Ines are rising, especially amo