【正文】 （2）What does the underlined phrase such behavioral differences in Paragraph 7 most probably refer to? A.Differences in the calcium isotope in the teeth.B.Differences in the social structure of groups.C.Differences in the practice of weaning.D.Differences in the change of behaviors.（3）What does the passage mainly talk about? A.The evolution of human lineage.B.The possible influence of nursing behaviors.C.The exploration of positions in the fossil.D.The function of mother milk at the age of infants.【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，通過對祖先牙齒化石的研究，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)第一批用母乳喂養(yǎng)嬰兒的人類比同時代的其他的近親在時間上要長很多，而這種育幼差異可能在人類進化中扮演了重要角色 ，比如大腦發(fā)育和社會群體方面。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“The results, published in the journal Science Advances, provide a first insight into the practice of weaning ”可知這項研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進展》雜志上，為斷奶行為提供了第一手資料，而這在化石記錄中是看不到的。故選A。 （2）考查句義猜測。根據(jù)第六段中的“The practice of weaning the duration of breastfeeding, age at nonmilk food introduction and the age at cessation of suckling differs among the modern members of the hominid family which includes humans and modern great apes: orangutan, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos.”可知現(xiàn)代人和古代人的斷奶行為不同，而且人類和猩猩以及猿猴在斷奶的時間上是不同的，即不同時代/不同物種的斷奶行為是有差異的，而畫線部分的such 就是指上文提到的內(nèi)容。故選C。 （3）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第七段中的“The development of such behavioral differences … in the evolution of the members of human lineage, being associated for instance with size and structure of social groups, brain development.”可知，這種行為差異的發(fā)展可能在人類血統(tǒng)成員的進化中扮演了重要角色，例如與社會群體的大小和結(jié)構(gòu)，大腦的發(fā)展有關(guān)。所以短文主要是關(guān)于育幼行為可能帶來的影響。故選B。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，句義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解 When you live in total messiness—cookies in your pants draws, and some old New Yorkers or apple seeds in your bed—it39。s hard to know where to look for when you lose your keys. The other day, after two weeks of searching, I found my keys in the refrigerator. I can39。t say I was surprised. But I was surprised when I was diagnosed with ADHD(多動癥), when I was a junior at Yale. According to a new study, 11% of schoolage children have received an ADHD diagnosis, a 16% increase since 2007. And rising diagnoses mean rising treatments—drugs like Adderall are more accessible than ever. However, the consequences of misuse and abuse of these drugs are dangerous. Yet also harmful are the consequences of ADHD undiagnosed, an alltoomon story for women like me, who have symptoms, like disorganization and forgetfulness, which look different from those typically expressed in males. Dr. Ellen, author of Understanding Girls with ADHD, has found around 4 million females with ADHD are not diagnosed. The main reason is that the diagnostic criteria were developed based on those hyperactive（過度活躍）young boys taken to clinics, making it difficult for girls to be diagnosed unless they behave like hyperactive boys. Ellen says. Besides, the idea that young women actually have ADHD often causes skepticism. As a top student, I didn39。t believe my diagnosis at first. My friends were also confused, and rather certain my doctor was misguided. Often, if girls are smart or in supportive homes, symptoms are masked, says. Girls will hide their inability to meet social expectations. They see their trouble organizing, and concentrating as character flaws(缺陷). These years, I am both embarrassed and exhausted by my struggles to keep track of objects, but drug has helped it and made it more bearable.（1）The writer presents the first paragraph to . A.air her view with an exampleB.bring up the topic of the passageC.show young people39。s messinessD.prove Yale also has ADHD students（2）Many female with ADHD are not diagnosed mainly because . diagnostic criteria are made according to male ADHD are smart enough to mask their ADHD symptoms don39。t view their trouble as symptoms of ADHD ADHD are more hyperactive than young boys（3）What does the word skepticism in Paragraph 5 probably mean? ....（4）What does the passage mainly talk about? female ADHD patients develop the disease. many female ADHD patients are undiagnosed. young ADHD patients are cured of the disease. much help ADHD patients can get from medication.【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）D（4）B 【解析】【分析】文章借由作者的親身經(jīng)歷講述女性多動癥不容易被診斷出來的原因。 （1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段的結(jié)構(gòu)和But I was surprised when I was diagnosed with ADHD（多動癥）,when I was a junior at ，作者講述第一段的目的是為了引出下文關(guān)于多動癥的話題，故選B項。 （2）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段的The main reason is that the diagnostic criteria were developed based on those hyperactive（過度活躍）young boys taken to clinics, making it difficult for girls to be diagnosed unless they behave like hyperactive ，所以很難診斷出女孩，除非她們的行為像過度活躍的男孩，故選A項。 （3）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線部分后面的As a top student, I didn39。t believe my diagnosis at friends were also confused, and rather certain my doctor was ，她的朋友也很困惑，認為是醫(yī)生診斷錯誤，即她們都懷疑醫(yī)生的診斷，故推測畫線部分的意思是懷疑，故選D項。 （4）主旨大意題。文章第三段主要講述女性多動癥的癥狀和男性不同；第四段主要講述女孩很難被診斷出多動癥，因為診斷標準是按男性制定的；第五段主要講述女性自己會懷疑診斷結(jié)果；第六段主要講述女性會把多動癥癥狀隱藏起來。綜上所述，本文主要講述女性不容易被診斷出多動癥的原因，故選B項。 【點評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測題和主旨大意題，細節(jié)理解題要注意從文中尋找答案；推理判斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息；詞義猜測題要結(jié)合劃線詞所在語境，推測詞義；主旨大意題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想7．閱讀理解 Being forgiving to yourself and others can protect against stress and the harm it does to mental health, according to a new study in the Journal of Health Psychology. Researchers looked at the effects of lifetime stress on a person39。s mental health, and how more forgiving people got along pared with people who weren39。t so forgiving. To do this, they asked 148 young adults to fill out questionnaires that assessed their levels of lifetime stress, their tendency to forgive and their mental and physical health. No surprise, people with greater exposure to stress had worse mental and physical health. But the researchers also discovered that if people were highly forgiving of both themselves and others, that characteristic alone almost removed the connection between stress and mental illness. It39。s almost entirely erased—it39。s zero, says study author Touss