【正文】 態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：我們被邀請去參加一場私人音樂會。根據(jù)on the last day of our weeklong stay可知，句子時態(tài)為一般過去時，用被動語態(tài)。主語為we，故填were invited。 （10）考查非謂語動詞。本句謂語動詞為were invited，所以空格處動詞listen應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式。聽音樂這個動作是由we發(fā)出的，所以選用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。也可由and前后連接兩個并列的結(jié)構(gòu)這一規(guī)律解題，and后meeting interesting locals為分詞形式，故填listening。 【點評】本題考點涉及副詞，非謂語動詞，介詞，定語從句，時態(tài)，名詞，形容詞等多個知識點的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，并結(jié)合相關(guān)語法知識，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。11．After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word。 for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. We want our children to succeed in school and, perhaps even more importantly, in life. But the paradox(悖論) is that our children can only truly succeed ________ they first learn how to fail. Consider the finding that worldclass figure skaters fall over more often in practice than lowlevel figure skaters. Why are the really good skaters falling over the most? The reason is actually quite simple. Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice. ________ (stretch) their limitations, they keep trying their best. They fall over so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lowerlevel skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, ________ (remain) within their fort zone. This is why they don39。t fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet. Never ________ (fail) in practice prevents them from making progress. ________ is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126 prototypes (原型) for his newest vacuum before ing up with the design ________ made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put ________: You can39。t develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to invention. In healthcare, however, things are very different. Clinicians don39。t like to admit to failure, partly because they have strongegos (自我) —particularly the senior doctors—and partly because they fear litigation (訴訟). The consequence is that ________ learning from failure, healthcare often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes ________ (repeat). According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error. ________ healthcare learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve.【答案】 if / when；To stretch；remaining；failing；What；which / that；it；instead of；are repeated；Until / Unless 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，只有先學(xué)會如何失敗，才能真正成功，作者用這個道理告訴美國的醫(yī)療保健部門只有學(xué)會積極面對失敗，醫(yī)療事故的情況才會好轉(zhuǎn)。 （1）考查狀語從句。句意：但矛盾的是，我們的孩子只有先學(xué)會如何失敗，才能真正成功。根據(jù)句意可知此處既可以用if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，表示如果……，也可用when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示當(dāng)……的時候，故填if / when。 （2）考查非謂語動詞。句意：為了突破自己的局限，他們一直在努力。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示目的，應(yīng)該用不定式做目的狀語，故填To stretch。 （3）考查非謂語動詞。句意：他們總是嘗試他們已經(jīng)做得很容易的動作，保持在他們的舒適區(qū)內(nèi)。They與remain之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示主動，用現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語，故填remaining。 （4）考查非謂語動詞。句意：在實踐中從不失敗會阻礙他們進(jìn)步。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用動名詞做主語，故填failing。 （5）考查主語從句。句意：生活中的情況和滑冰的情況是一樣的。此處為主語從句，從句中缺少主語，故填What。 （6）考查定語從句。句意：詹姆斯戴森為最新款的吸塵器設(shè)計了5126個原型，然后才想出了這個讓他大賺一筆的設(shè)計。此處為定語從句，先行詞為design，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語，故填which / that。 （7）考查代詞。句意：正如戴森所說的：除非你測試新想法，并在事情出錯時學(xué)習(xí)，否則你不會開發(fā)出新技術(shù)，失敗是發(fā)明的基礎(chǔ)。as someone puts it固定句式。正如某人所說表示。put it表達(dá)......故填it。 （8）考查介詞短語。句意：結(jié)果是，醫(yī)療保健往往掩蓋失敗，而不是從失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示而不是，故填instead of。 （9）考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：其直接后果是一再地犯同樣的錯誤。陳述的是客觀事實，mistakes 與repeat之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，故填are repeated。 （10）考查連詞。句意：除非醫(yī)療保健學(xué)會積極面對失敗，否則情況不會好轉(zhuǎn)（直到醫(yī)療保健學(xué)會積極面對失敗，情況才會好轉(zhuǎn)）。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示除非或直到，故填Until / Unless。 【點評】本題考點涉及狀語從句，非謂語動詞，主語從句，定語從句，代詞，介詞短語，時態(tài)語態(tài)以及連詞等多個知識點的考查，是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，并結(jié)合相關(guān)語法知識，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。12．閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個單詞或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Chopsticks, or kuaizi in Chinese, ________ (be) a pair of small equal length sticks, usually made of wood, ________( use) for eating Asian food It is believed the first chopsticks ________ (develop) over 5,000 years ago in China. The ________(early) evidence of a pair of chopsticks made out of bronze was excavated (出土) from the Ruins of Yin near Anyang, Henan province，dating back to roughly 1,200 BC. Chopsticks play, ________important role in Chinese food culture. Chinese chopsticks are usually 9 to 10 inches long and rectangular with a blunt (鈍的) end. They are round on the eating end ________symbolizes heaven, and the other end is square which symbolizes earth. This is because________(maintain) an adequate food supply is the greatest concern between heaven and earth. There is an old Chinese custom making chopsticks part of a girl39。s dowry, since the ________(pronounce) of kuaizi is similar to the words for quick and son.Chopsticks are ________(frequent) used in daily life. They have bee more than a kind of tableware and have established a set of etiquette (禮儀) and customs ________their own.【答案】 are；used；were developed；earliest；an；that／which；maintaining；pronunciation；frequently；of 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，講述了筷子在我國的歷史、作用和文化意義。 （1）考查時態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是句子謂語動詞，根據(jù)下文的is判斷為一般現(xiàn)在時，主語chopsticks是復(fù)數(shù)，故填are。 （2）考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是非謂語動詞作后置定語，use和邏輯主語sticks之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用去過分詞，填used。 （3）考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是主語從句的謂語動詞，根據(jù)over 5,000 years ago判斷為一般過去時，主語chopsticks和develop之間是被動關(guān)系，故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，主語chopsticks是復(fù)數(shù)，故填were developed。 （4）考查形容詞。此處應(yīng)填形容詞作定語修飾名詞evidence，結(jié)合句意可知此處意為“最早的證據(jù)”故用最高級，故填earliest。 （5）考查冠詞。play a role in固定短語，“在……中起作用”，又important是元音音素開頭，故填an。 （6）考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是限定性定語從句關(guān)系詞，先行詞they(指物)在從句__6___symbolizes heaven中充當(dāng)主語，故用關(guān)系代詞，填that/which。 （7）考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)填maintain的動名詞形式作為表語從句的主語，故填maintaining。 （8）考查名詞。此處應(yīng)填名詞作為原因狀語從句的主語，結(jié)合上下文可知此處意為“筷子的發(fā)音”，“發(fā)音”是pronunciation，故填pronunciation。 （9）考查副詞，此處應(yīng)填副詞修飾動詞are used，故填frequently。 （10）考查介詞。of one39。s own固定短語，“某人自己的”，故填of。 【點評】本題考點涉及時態(tài)，非謂語動詞，時態(tài)語態(tài)，形容詞，冠詞，定語從句，非謂語動詞，名詞，副詞以及介詞等多個知識點的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，并結(jié)合相關(guān)語法知識，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。13．閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 The giant panda,