【正文】 0。B.To help reduce energy use.C.To pletely replace air conditioners.D.To help cut down on daily expenses.（3）What39。s the key to making sustainable buildings a reality? A.All parties should get started at the same time.B.The basic architecture should be finished first.C.Proper design and performance to achieve energy reduction.D.Seeking the smallhouse policy and some successful architects.（4）What would be the best title for the text? A.Waste less, live betterB.Goodbye, air conditioningC.How to reduce the energy costD.Green buildings call for integrated design【答案】（1）B（2）B（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文屬于議論文。作者認(rèn)為街邊商店開放空調(diào)的做法雖然給人以涼爽的空氣，但卻浪費了大量的能源。所以他鼓勵節(jié)能的集成設(shè)計，即在住宅建成前統(tǒng)一設(shè)計，安裝吊扇，減少空調(diào)的負(fù)荷及照明用電等能源。（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Can we start with ending the opendoor practice of streetfront shops? While cool air from these shops is refreshing to pedestrians, it carries a cost. Energy is used in the air conditioning ，作者認(rèn)為雖然這些商店的涼爽空氣給行人提神，但opendoor practice卻帶來了成本，在空調(diào)降低溫度過程中消耗了能量?？芍浅植毁澇傻膽B(tài)度的。故答案選B項。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段if we fix ceiling fans, airconditioning homes could surely be avoided for part of the year. Ceiling fans use far less energy. 如果我們按裝吊扇，空調(diào)住宅一年中大部分時間可不用空調(diào)。吊扇使用的能量要少得多。由此可知建議安吊扇是因為能減少能源的使用。故答案選B項。（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第5 段為了使集成設(shè)計成功，各方必須團(tuán)結(jié)起。找出更好的解決方案。這種恰當(dāng)?shù)恼_的設(shè)計結(jié)果，可以減少空調(diào)負(fù)荷，減少電力照明用電，減少使用材料的數(shù)量。（Positive project outes may include reduced airconditioning load, reduced power use for electric lighting, and a reduction in the amount of materials used. ）故答案C符合題意。故答案選C項。（4）主旨大意題。作者認(rèn)為商店開放空調(diào)導(dǎo)致能源的浪費，所以倡導(dǎo)在住宅區(qū)安裝吊扇的節(jié)能環(huán)保的做法。這就需要要建筑房屋前統(tǒng)一的綜合的集成設(shè)計，才能有一個可持續(xù)的節(jié)約的環(huán)保綠色的建筑。因此本文最好的標(biāo)題是綠色建筑呼喚集成設(shè)計。故D項符合題意。【點評】主旨大意閱讀理解題解題技巧：抓住文章段落大意，概括中心思想尋找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在尋找具體段落中心的基礎(chǔ)上的。各段落中心句的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。在這個過程中，考生們不能只依據(jù)只言片語、一枝一節(jié)，或光看文章的某一些段落，而應(yīng)該觀察全文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排；理解文章濃墨重筆寫的“重心”；考慮文章的組織材料及支撐性細(xì)節(jié)是服務(wù)于什么的；分析故事的發(fā)展結(jié)局都是圍繞什么內(nèi)容來表達(dá)中心的；最后用簡明扼要的文字將文章的中心思想表達(dá)出來。8．閱讀理解 Rich countries are racing to dematerialise payments. They need to do more to prepare for the sideeffects. For the past 3,000 years, when people thought of money they thought of cash. Over the past decade, however, digital payments have taken off— tapping your plastic on a terminal or swiping a smartphone has bee normal. Now this revolution is about to turn cash into an endangered species in some rich economies. That will make the economy more efficient—but it also causes new problems that could hold back the transition(轉(zhuǎn)型). Countries are removing cash at varying speeds. In Sweden the number of retail cash transaction per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years. America is perhaps a decade behind. Outside the rich world, cash is still king. But even there its leading role is being challenged. In China digital payments rose from 4% of all payments in 2012 to 34% in 2017. Cash is dying out because of two forces. One is demand— younger consumers want payment systems that plug easily into their digital lives. But equally important is that suppliers such as banks and tech firms (in developed markets) and teles panies (in emerging ones) are developing fast, easytouse payment technologies from which they can pull data and pocket fees. There is a high cost to running the infrastructure behind the cash economy—ATMs, vans carrying notes, tellers who accept coins. Most financial firms are keen to abandon it, or discourage oldfashioned customers with heavy fees. In the main, the prospect of a cashless economy is excellent news. Cash is inefficient. When payments dematerialise, people and shops are less open to theft. It also creates a credit history, helping consumers borrow. Yet set against these benefits are a couple of worries. Electronic payment systems may risk technical failures, power failure and cyberattacks. In a cashless economy the poor, the elderly and country folk may be left behind. And a digital system could let governments watch over people39。s shopping habits and private multinationals exploit their personal data.（1）Some rich countries are trying to . A.dematerialize moneyB.get rid of the sideeffects of cashC.make the economy more efficient by protecting endangered speciesD.promote payment without paper money or coins（2）In paragraph 3, several countries are mentioned to show . A.the differences between developed and developing countriesB.that cash is still king across the worldC.digital payments are being a trend that cannot be stoppedD.China is developing faster that those developed countries in digital payment（3）Cash is disappearing largely because . A.younger consumers are short of money to live their digital livesB.suppliers are trying to reduce costs and obtain money and dataC.the infrastructure is developing at a high speed in developed marketsD.financial firms want to abandon oldfashioned customers（4）The author39。s attitude towards digitalized payment is . A.favorableB.negativeC.objectiveD.indifferent【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，富裕國家正在減少現(xiàn)金支付,現(xiàn)金正在因為需求等原因消失?？偟膩碚f,無現(xiàn)金經(jīng)濟(jì)的未來是個好消息,但是對于電子支付人們也有一些擔(dān)憂。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Rich countries are racing to dematerialise payments.”可知, 富裕國家正競相將支付非物質(zhì)化；再根據(jù)第三段中的“In Sweden the number of retail cash transaction per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years.”在過去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售現(xiàn)金交易數(shù)量下降了80％。結(jié)合上下文,可知某些富裕國家比如瑞典正在減少現(xiàn)金支付,推廣不用紙幣或硬幣的支付方式,也就是電子支付方式。故選D。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“In Sweden the number of retail cash transaction per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years.”可知在過去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售現(xiàn)金交易數(shù)量下降了80％；再根據(jù)“In China digital payments rose from 4% of all payments in 2012 to 34% in 2017.”可知在中國,數(shù)字支付從2012年占所有支付的4％上升到2017年的34％。瑞典和中國的共同點是現(xiàn)金支付減少,電子支付比例上升,由此可推斷作者提到瑞典和中國是為了說明數(shù)字支付正成為一種不可阻擋的趨勢。故選C。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的 “But equally important is that suppliers such as banks and tech firms (in developed markets)... Most financial firms are keen to aban