【正文】 案】 （1）A（2）A（3）B（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，潮汐能發(fā)電站雖然計劃已久,但由于科學(xué)家的擔(dān)心,很長時間以來都沒有得以實現(xiàn)。而名叫Rod Rainey的工程師最近想到了解決問題的辦法,雖然用的是過去的科技,但在輪上做了很大改進,這樣在保證海洋生物和環(huán)境安全的同時也可大量發(fā)電。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的Its tidal range, the difference in depth between high and low tides, of around 15 metres is among the largest in the world.它的潮汐差,即最低和最高潮汐的深度差,是大約15米,位居世界首位。可知,the mouth of the River Severn最大的特點就是潮汐差很大。故選A。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的Engineers and governments have been toying with the idea since at least 1925.和最后一段中的Environmentalists also worry that any plant would change the tides, making life harder for wildlife.可知,工程師對潮汐電站的想法漫不經(jīng)心,環(huán)境主義者擔(dān)心它會給海洋生物帶來危險,所以最初人們對潮汐發(fā)電站都是不支持的。故選A。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的a set of locks would provide a shipping channel about twice the width of Panama Canal, permitting upstream ports such as Avonmouth and Cardiff to continue operating.可知,locks的主要作用是提供一條比巴拿馬運河寬一倍的水上運輸渠道,保證上游的港口能夠正常運行。故選B。 （4）考查主旨大意?？v觀全文可知,文章主要講Rod Rainey用古老的方法代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的輪機進行潮汐發(fā)電,打破River Severn不適宜潮汐發(fā)電的舊思想。故選D。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解 Like many other people who speak more than one language, I often have the sense that I39。m a slightly different person in each of my languages173。more confident in English, more relaxed in French, more emotional in Czech. Is it possible that, along with these differences, my moral pass (指南針) also points in somewhat different directions depending on the language I39。m using at the time? Psychologists who study moral judgments have bee very interested in this question. The findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas (困境), they do indeed respond differently when considering them in a foreign language than when using their native tongue. In a 2014 paper led by Albert Costa volunteers were presented with a moral dilemma known as the trolley problem: imagine that a runaway trolley is moving quickly toward a group of five people standing on the tracks, unable to move. You are next to a switch that can move the trolley to a different set of tracks, therefore sparing the five people, but resulting in the death of one who is standing on the side tracks. Do you pull the switch? Most people agree that they would. But what if the only way to stop the trolley is by pushing a large stranger off a footbridge into its path? People tend to be very hesitant to say they would do this, even though in both situations, one person is sacrificed to save five. But Costa and his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one. Why does it matter whether we judge morality in our native language or a foreign one? According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and peting ways of thinking173。one of these, a quick, natural feeling, and the other, careful deliberation about the greatest good for the greatest number. When we use a foreign language, we unconsciously sink into the more careful way simply because the effort of operating in our nonnative language signals our cognitive (認(rèn)知的) system to prepare for difficult activity. An alternative explanation is that differences arise between native and foreign tongues because our childhood languages are filled with greater emotions than are those learned in more academic settings. As a result, moral judgments made in a foreign language are less filled with the emotional reactions that surface when we use a language learned in childhood. There39。s strong evidence that memory connects a language with the experiences and interactions through which that language was learned. For example, people who are bilingual (雙語的) are more likely to recall an experience if reminded in the language in which that event occurred. Our childhood languages, learned in the middle of passionate emotion, bee filled with deep feeling. By parison, languages acquired late in life, especially if they are learned through limited interactions in the classroom or dully delivered over puter screens and headphones, enter our minds lacking the emotionality that is present for their native speakers.（1）What does this question in Paragraph 2 refer to? A.What contributes to one39。s language improvements?B.Is it necessary to learn more than one foreign language?C.Does the language one uses influence one39。s moral judgments?D.How do people deal with moral dilemmas in a foreign language?（2）When the trolley problem was presented in a foreign language, volunteers were more likely to . A.care less about the five peopleB.pull the switch to the side tracksC.remain hesitant about what to doD.sacrifice the stranger on the footbridge（3）The underlined word in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to . A.considerationB.guidanceC.selectionD.arrangement（4）What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? people are less emotional than others. language learning involves greater emotions. memories limit foreign language learning. settings promote foreign language learning.【答案】 （1）C（2）D（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明我呢，最近的一些研究的結(jié)果表明，當(dāng)人們面對道德困境時，他們用外語思考和用母語思考時的反應(yīng)確實不同。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“The findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas (困境), they do indeed respond differently when considering them in a foreign language than when using their native tongue.”可知，最近的一些研究的結(jié)果表明，當(dāng)人們面對道德困境時，他們用外語思考的反應(yīng)和他們的母語思考的反應(yīng)確實是不同的。所以此問題指的是一個人使用的語言會影響他的道德判斷嗎？故選C。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“But Costa and his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to