【正文】 his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one. Why does it matter whether we judge morality in our native language or a foreign one? According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and peting ways of thinking173。one of these, a quick, natural feeling, and the other, careful deliberation about the greatest good for the greatest number. When we use a foreign language, we unconsciously sink into the more careful way simply because the effort of operating in our nonnative language signals our cognitive (認(rèn)知的) system to prepare for difficult activity. An alternative explanation is that differences arise between native and foreign tongues because our childhood languages are filled with greater emotions than are those learned in more academic settings. As a result, moral judgments made in a foreign language are less filled with the emotional reactions that surface when we use a language learned in childhood. There39。s strong evidence that memory connects a language with the experiences and interactions through which that language was learned. For example, people who are bilingual (雙語(yǔ)的) are more likely to recall an experience if reminded in the language in which that event occurred. Our childhood languages, learned in the middle of passionate emotion, bee filled with deep feeling. By parison, languages acquired late in life, especially if they are learned through limited interactions in the classroom or dully delivered over puter screens and headphones, enter our minds lacking the emotionality that is present for their native speakers.（1）What does this question in Paragraph 2 refer to? A.What contributes to one39。s language improvements?B.Is it necessary to learn more than one foreign language?C.Does the language one uses influence one39。s moral judgments?D.How do people deal with moral dilemmas in a foreign language?（2）When the trolley problem was presented in a foreign language, volunteers were more likely to . A.care less about the five peopleB.pull the switch to the side tracksC.remain hesitant about what to doD.sacrifice the stranger on the footbridge（3）The underlined word in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to . A.considerationB.guidanceC.selectionD.arrangement（4）What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? people are less emotional than others. language learning involves greater emotions. memories limit foreign language learning. settings promote foreign language learning.【答案】 （1）C（2）D（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明我呢，最近的一些研究的結(jié)果表明，當(dāng)人們面對(duì)道德困境時(shí)，他們用外語(yǔ)思考和用母語(yǔ)思考時(shí)的反應(yīng)確實(shí)不同。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“The findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas (困境), they do indeed respond differently when considering them in a foreign language than when using their native tongue.”可知，最近的一些研究的結(jié)果表明，當(dāng)人們面對(duì)道德困境時(shí)，他們用外語(yǔ)思考的反應(yīng)和他們的母語(yǔ)思考的反應(yīng)確實(shí)是不同的。所以此問(wèn)題指的是一個(gè)人使用的語(yǔ)言會(huì)影響他的道德判斷嗎？故選C。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“But Costa and his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one.”可知，志愿者們用已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)的外語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)這種兩難境地時(shí)，極大地增加了他們將犧牲者推下人行橋的意愿。分別與D選擇項(xiàng)中的sacrifice和 footbridge分別對(duì)應(yīng)。故選D。 （3）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第五段中的“According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and peting ways of thinking173。one of these, a quick, natural ’feeling‘,這樣的判斷涉及兩種獨(dú)立的、相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的思維方式173。一種是快速、自然的感覺(jué)，所以猜測(cè)出，另外一種是對(duì)大多數(shù)人最大利益的深思熟慮。故選A。 （4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的”An alternative explanation is that differences arise between native and foreign tongues because our childhood languages are filled with greater emotions than are those learned in more academic settings.“ 母語(yǔ)和外語(yǔ)之間的差異是因?yàn)槲覀兊耐暾Z(yǔ)言比在學(xué)術(shù)環(huán)境中學(xué)習(xí)的語(yǔ)言更充滿感情，和最后一段中的”By parison, languages acquired late in life, especially if they are learned through limited interactions in the classroom or dully delivered over puter screens and headphones, enter our minds lacking the emotionality that is present for their native speakers. “后天習(xí)得的語(yǔ)言，缺乏母語(yǔ)者所具有的情感。所以說(shuō)，母語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)包含更多的情感。故選B。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和詞義猜測(cè)兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Are you afraid of sharks? What about snakes or spiders? Put those fears aside: because in the . you39。re far more likely to be killed or injured by a deer skipping across the road. Deer cause more than 200 humans deaths each year, plus some 29, 000 injuries, all because of million collisions between vehicles and deer. Most incidents occur in the eastern ., where deer prosper without natural predators like wolves and mountain lions. That39。s the region in the . where deervehicle collisions are such a problem, and where it seems like an effective large carnivore reintroduction could make a really big difference. says wildlife biologist Laura Prugh from University of Washington. She thinks it would help to reintroduce predators like mountain lions, also known as cougars, pumas or panthers, to parts of their historic range from which they39。ve been driven out. The researchers say that bringing the predators back to the eastern . would mean 22 percent fewer collisions between cars and deer over three decades. Each year would see five fewer human deaths, 680 fewer injuries and a savings of some 550 million. Sophie L. Gilbert thinks there are great socioeconomic benefits of large predator restorat