【正文】 eople did not change their way of life. Instead, they continued to pour（倒） dangerous chemicals and other waste into lakes and seas, to drive more and more cars and trucks, and to cut down trees. By the year 2200, the earth39。s water was pletely polluted. Scientists said that in the future there might be too many people on the earth. People could no longer drink water, and they had to use other types of liquids（液體）. So, by the year 2300, there were so many people that food became scarce. There was no water to grow food and all of the fish in the lakes and seas died because of pollution Terrier wars（戰(zhàn)爭） broke out between the rich and the poor. Scientists were working very hard to find another planet in space where humans could live on. By the year 2400, the air was too polluted for humans to breathe. So we had to leave earth but only the rich were able to leave. Where did we go? Nowhere. And everywhere. You see scientists did not find another safe planet, so now we must travel around the universe in our space ships. We are still looking for a place to call our home. So, it is up to you to change history. There is still hope. You must change your lifestyle now, before it is too late.（1）Which problem is not talked about in Paragraph 2?A.Water.B.Air.C.Lifestyle.D.Food（2）What39。s the meaning of 39。scarce39。 in Paragraph 4 in Chinese?A.昂貴的B.充足的C.缺乏的D.特殊的（3）Which of the following is TRUE?A.Only a few people changed their lifestyle in the 20th century.B.There wasn39。t enough water for people to drink by the year 2200.C.All the animals died because of pollution by the year 2300.D.We found a new home in another planet by the year 2400.【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）D 【解析】【分析】這篇短文主要以擬人的手法講述了環(huán)境污染的嚴重事實，作者通過時間隧道從2500年穿越回到了20到25世紀的不同時代，并描述了各個不同時代的污染的嚴重性，提醒人類保護環(huán)境，愛護人類自己。（1）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第二段a few people were worried about polluting the earth39。s water and air, but most people did not change their way of ，本段主要涉及到了空氣質(zhì)量、水資源和人類的生活方式，唯獨沒有提到食物方面的問題，故選D。（2）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)本句內(nèi)容So by the year 2300, there were so many people that food became scarce. 可知，本句中包含一短語so...that...，意為截止到2300年，地球上的人類是如此之多以致于食物變得太少。再加上下一句There was no water to grow food，可知食物應該是不夠人類吃的，故選C。（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文第二段but most people did not change their way of ，A選項表述正確；第三段By the year 2200, the earth39。s water was pletely polluted. People could no longer drink water,可知，B項的描述也是正確的；第四段all of the fish in lakes and seas died because of pollution. 可知C項內(nèi)容正確；倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容說到了2400年，只有富人才有機會離開不適宜人類生存的地球，但是也沒有可以適宜人類其他星球供人類居住，可知D項內(nèi) 容不正確；故選D。【點評】本文是科普環(huán)保類短語閱讀。閱讀能力是中學生學習英語應具備的一種基本能力。學習英語的一個重要目的在于獲取信息。通過閱讀這一重要手段，我們可以大量地獲取知識，拓展知識面，還可以增強語感，培養(yǎng)敏捷的思維能力。12．閱讀理解 Have you ever heard of Ayusa? It is a high school exchange program, and it helps international students experience life in America, and students can also learn about its history and culture. Ayusa is one of the best student exchange programmes. Only the best and the brightest students can take part in the programme. Every year, students from over 60 different countries, including African countries, e to America to live with American families and attend American schools. Since 1981, Ayusa has helped more than students from around the world live and study in America. Do you want to experience a different culture and learn a new language? Take action now we are glad to help students between age 15 and 18. We also support our host families. Our website（網(wǎng)站） is also here to help you. If you39。re interested in this programme go to ://. ayusa. org/families/hoststudent and write your information on it, including your name, address, phone number, as well as your state. After this, press the button Submit, and then you can start your new application. Besides, you can also call us at 01012378912 or send s to Evisit @.（1）According to the passage, Ayusa . A.is the name of a countryB.was set up ten years agoC.helps students experience life in AmericaD.only helps African students（2）The underlined word its in Paragraph 1 refers . A.ChineseB.AmericanC.AfricanD.Japanese（3）Which of the following is NOT true? A.Ayusa accepts students from Africa.B.Any student can take part in AyusaC.Students taking part in Ayusa live and study in AmericaD.Ayusa is one of the best student（4）Who will probably show interest in passage? A.An English teacher in America.B.An American businessman.C.A high school student from Africa.D.A cook from China exchange programmes.【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】大意:本文講述有關一個名叫愛優(yōu)生的高中交流項目，這個項目是幫助外國學生體驗美國生活，了解美國歷史和文化，并介紹了申請愛優(yōu)生的方式。 （1）細節(jié)題。根據(jù)and it helps international students experience life in America, 可知，愛優(yōu)生幫助外國學生體驗美國生活，故選C。 （2）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)and it helps international students experience life in America, and students can also learn about its history and ，愛優(yōu)生幫助外國學生體驗美國生活，學生也可以了解美國的歷史和文化。此處its此處指代“美國的”，故選B。 （3）細節(jié)題。根據(jù)Only the best and the brightest students can take part in the ，只有最好其最優(yōu)秀的學生能參加這個項目，B描述和原文不符，故選B。 （4）推斷題。愛優(yōu)生這個交流項目是針對學生開設的，故選C。 【點評】考查閱讀理解能力，細節(jié)題、推斷題、詞義猜測題是閱讀理解題中常考題型；細節(jié)題要從文中尋找答案。推斷題需要根據(jù)上下文，推斷出需要的信息；詞句猜測題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推出詞句的意思。13．閱讀理解 Picture the scene: It39。s midnight. You39。re very hungry after studying for a long time. Then you see a nice pie in the fridge. Do you eat it? It seems that you shouldn39。t, for many reasons, including its influence on your studies. Scientists have long known that eating late at night can make us gain weight. But now a new study has shown that late— night eating can also have a bad influence on our brains—it might hurt our ability to learn new things and store memories. “We believe that late—night eating may affect（影響） our learning by affecting the parts of the brain that control learning and memory, DawnLon, PhD, a project scientist at the University of Calif