【正文】 a very different response. Positive exchanges increase your body39。s production of oxytocin, a feelgood that increases your ability to municate with, cooperate with and trust others. But the effects of a positive occurrence are less dramatic and lasting than they are for a negative one. We need at least three to five positive interactions to outweigh every one negative exchange. Bad moments simply outweigh good ones. Whether you39。re having a conversation, keep this simple short cut in mind: At least 80 percent of your conversations should be focused on what39。s going right. Workplaces, for example, often see this. During performance reviews, managers routinely spend 80 percent of their time on weaknesses and “areas for improvement”. They spend roughly 20 percent of the time on strengths and positive aspects. Any time you have discussions with a person or group, spend the vast majority of the time talking about what is working, and use the remaining time to address weaknesses. （1）The underlined phrase “tune out” in Paragraph 1 probably means A.stop listeningB.change one39。s mindC.sing aloudD.be crazy（2）What will happen if you experience negative emotions? A.The situations are sure to bee worse.B.Much of your thinking will be prevented.C.You will feel an urge to improve and bee better.D.You39。ll be motivated to resolve conflicts with people.（3）From Paragraph 4, we can learn that A.we need a positive feeling to beat one negative feelingB.positive interactions have greater effects than negative onesC.our conversation should center on what needs improvementD.the effect of negative feelings lasts longer than that of positive ones（4）What is the best title for the passage? A.Harmful NegativesB.More Positive InteractionsC.How to Be a Productive ManagerD.Less Time on Strengths and Positive Aspects【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。主要講述通過一些關(guān)于日常經(jīng)驗(yàn)的研究證明，當(dāng)你因?yàn)榕u或遭到拒絕而經(jīng)歷負(fù)面情緒時(shí)，你的身體會(huì)產(chǎn)生較高水平的應(yīng)激激素，它關(guān)閉了你的思維，激活沖突和防御的機(jī)制。而當(dāng)你體驗(yàn)到積極的互動(dòng)時(shí)，積極的交流會(huì)增加你與他人溝通、合作和信任的能力。但是積極的影響不如消極的影響更持久，它需要三到五個(gè)積極的互動(dòng)才能去掉一個(gè)負(fù)面互動(dòng)。這給我們一個(gè)啟示，在談話時(shí)盡可能多的積極互動(dòng)，才會(huì)調(diào)動(dòng)人的積極性。（1）考查猜測詞義題。根據(jù)第一段中的內(nèi)容可知，一些關(guān)于日常經(jīng)驗(yàn)的最好研究是建立在積極和消極互動(dòng)率的基礎(chǔ)上的，這證明了盲目的積極或消極會(huì)使其他人感到沮喪或煩惱，或者干脆把不理睬。分析選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容可知A項(xiàng)符合題意。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的中間部分“When you experience negative emotions as a result of criticism or rejection, for example, your body produces higher levels of the stress hormone, which shuts down much of your thinking and activates （激活）conflict and defense mechanisms （機(jī)制）.” 可知，你經(jīng)歷負(fù)面情緒時(shí)，你的身體會(huì)產(chǎn)生較高水平的應(yīng)激激素，它關(guān)閉了你的思維機(jī)制和激活你的防御機(jī)制。由此可判斷B項(xiàng)是正確的。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“But the effects of a positive occurrence are less dramatic and lasting than they are for a negative one.”可知，積極面事件的影響不如消極的影響更持久。由此判斷出D項(xiàng)正確。（4）考查主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，一些關(guān)于日常經(jīng)驗(yàn)的研究證明，當(dāng)你因?yàn)榕u或遭到拒絕而經(jīng)歷負(fù)面情緒時(shí)，你的身體會(huì)產(chǎn)生較高水平的應(yīng)激激素，它關(guān)閉了你的思維，激活沖突和防御的機(jī)制。而當(dāng)你體驗(yàn)到積極的互動(dòng)時(shí)， 積極的交流會(huì)增加你與他人溝通、合作和信任的能力。但是積極的影響不如消極的影響更持久，它需要三到五個(gè)積極的互動(dòng)才能去掉一個(gè)負(fù)面互動(dòng)。這給我們一個(gè)啟示，在談話時(shí)盡可能多的積極互動(dòng)，才會(huì)調(diào)動(dòng)人的積極性。分析選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)正確?！军c(diǎn)評】科普文客觀題的解題方法1.“找”。讀完材料，審?fù)觐}干(題干不可不審清)，可根據(jù)題干確定選項(xiàng)的大致范圍，開始找與選項(xiàng)相對應(yīng)的句子，然后再進(jìn)行合理的想象、推理及判斷。有時(shí)候選項(xiàng)的語句散見于文章的各處，也一定找準(zhǔn)原句。2.“比”。比較時(shí)重在關(guān)注意思、關(guān)注邏輯關(guān)系。有時(shí)需要統(tǒng)觀全篇，不能只盯住一處。3.“判斷”。推斷時(shí)，切不可只憑主觀臆斷，一定要找到確切的根據(jù)，找到合理的解釋。8．閱讀理解 Science is finally beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time, considered secondclass citizens. As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after months of separation. When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one. Healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when those friend die. Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O39。s. Then the team switched from reallife objects to Tshirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the Oshirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a twodimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning. I39。ve been guilty of prejudiced expectations, myself. At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes outthink and outfeel other animals. They39。re other primates(靈長目動(dòng)物), after all, animals from our own mammalian(哺乳動(dòng)物的) class. Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social panions. Longterm studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks. Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish, chickens, pigs, goats, and cows, I started to wonder: Will the new science of food animals bring an ethical (倫理的) revolution in terms of who we eat? In other words, will our ethics start to catch up with the development of our science? Animal activists are already there, of course, mitted to not eating these animals. But what about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes in who we eat?（1）According to Annie Potts, hens have the ability of_____________. A.interactionB.analysisC.creation