【正文】 relationship most probably refers to the one between ______. A.experiences and related knowledgeB.happiness and biological evolutionC.immune function and healthD.optimism and length of life（3）What can be concluded from Robert Trivers39。 study? A.Younger people adopt strategies of handling tense situations from everyday life.B.Our ancestors evolved their immune systems in fighting against fierce animals.C.Realizing that their days are numbered, older people prefer being positive.D.Being negative drains energy from our body, lowering resistance to disease.（4）Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A.Brain, muscles and immune systemB.Age, health and happinessC.Ancestors, emergency and evolutionD.Energy, effort and response【答案】 （1）C（2）D（3）D（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明，老年人往往會記住生活中積極的事物，而不是消極的事物。十年前作者與生物學(xué)家羅伯特特里弗斯合作研究身體是如何使用能量的，他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)解釋了這一現(xiàn)象。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“We have an enormous number of immune cells coursing through our body, a momentary break from production is fine. So, when our body needs extra energy, one of the places it goes is our immune function.”可知我們的身體里有大量的免疫細胞，暫時停止運作是可以的。因此，當我們的身體需要額外的能量時，（我們的身體）會去找免疫系統(tǒng)。由此可以推斷，免疫系統(tǒng)會暫時停止來為身體提供額外的能量。選C。 （2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的 being more focused on the positive things in life in an effort to enhance their immune functioning. 可知老人們更加關(guān)注生活中積極的事物，是為了增強他們的免疫功能。也就是說積極與免疫功能之間有關(guān)系，越積極，免疫功能越強，就能活得越久，所有選項中D項（樂觀與壽命）之間最切題，故選D。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的As a result, our immune system evolved to run in maximum amounts when we39。re happy, but to slow down dramatically when we39。re not.可知當我們快樂時，我們的免疫系統(tǒng)進化到最大程度，但是當我們不快樂時，免疫系統(tǒng)會減弱。由此推斷，消極會消耗我們身體的能量，降低對疾病的抵抗力。選D。 （4）考查主旨大意。作者開頭提出老年人更關(guān)注積極的事情，后文提到積極的情緒會增強免疫系統(tǒng)，所以本文主要講的是年齡，健康與積極的情緒之間的關(guān)系，選B。 【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解 Delhi has been the centre of a succession of mighty empires and powerful kingdoms in India. Numerous ruins scattered throughout the territory offer a constant reminder of the area39。s history, which makes the city always be a fascinating place for tourists. With the development of the city and more and more people moving, the city has expanded several times in size. That is why it is called New Delhi. New Delhi, a city with a population of over 20 million people, has its newest problem: never before has this city met with the worst air problem. Air pollution in Indians capital surged to its worst levels in years, covering the city in a thick smog that has bee an annual publichealth emergency despite government vows to solve the problem. Hundreds of flights were diverted, delayed and canceled over the weekend due to poor visibility, schools and offices were closed Monday and officials rushed to take emergency measures to try to reverse the eroding air quality. Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets. New Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coalbased power plants, swirling dust from construction sites and roads and smoke from crop stubble burning in neighboring states. Fireworks and firecrackers to celebrate the Hindu festival of Diwali then arrives, leaving Delhi the world39。s most polluted city. The city39。s air quality index, which measures a mix of dangerous pollutants, registered an average score of 494 Sunday. That is the highest 24hour average since Nov. 6, 2016, when it hit 497, according to data measured by the Central Pollution Control Board.（1）Which of the following is NOT true? is one of the most important festivals in India. government did little to protect its citizens against the serious pollution. a serious air pollution in New Delhi appears on a regular basis. index of the recent air pollution is not the worst in the history.（2）Who may not plain about the serious air pollution? parents whose children have to stay at home. pilots whose planes have been diverted or delayed. manufacturers who produce antipollution masks. officials who have to work out of their offices.（3）Which of the following phrases can replace the underlined word in paragraph 5? out. up. in. on.（4）The title of the passage should be . Caused by the Development of New Delhi Pollution Envelops New Delhi Masks Are in Great Need in New Delhi in the Neighboring States are to Blame for Burning Crop Stubble【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，隨著城市的發(fā)展和越來越多的人口流動，城市規(guī)模的擴大，印度的新德里成為世界上污染最嚴重的城市。雖然政府發(fā)誓解決污染問題，但由于污染嚴重，整個新德里處于危險的污染中，人們必須戴防污口罩，冬天天氣寒冷污染物成霧霾，成為世界是污染最嚴重的城市。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段“Air pollution in Indians capital surged to its worst levels in years, covering the city in a thick smog that has bee an annual publichealth emergency despite government vows to solve the problem.”印度首都的空氣污染飆升至多年來最嚴重的水平，籠罩著這座城市的濃霧已成為年度公共衛(wèi)生緊急事件，盡管政府誓言要解決這個問題；第五段“New Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coalbased power plants, swirling dust ..., leaving Delhi the world39。s most polluted city.” 新德里每年都會被污染吞沒，隨著天氣變冷，汽車和以煤為基礎(chǔ)的發(fā)電廠排放的污染物、建筑工地和道路上飄動的灰塵，以及鄰國農(nóng)作物秸稈燃燒產(chǎn)生的煙霧，都會形成濃霧。慶祝印度排燈節(jié)的煙花爆竹隨后到達，使德里現(xiàn)在成為世界上污染最嚴重的城市；以及第四段中的“Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.” 在學(xué)校、學(xué)院、醫(yī)院和市場上分發(fā)了數(shù)以百萬計的防污口罩?？芍?，政府盡管發(fā)誓解決這種污染，但情況不僅沒有改變，反而更加嚴重，使得人們必須佩戴防毒口罩。由此可判斷出政府幾乎沒有保護其公民免受嚴重污染。故選B。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段“Hundreds of flights were diverted, delayed and canceled over the weekend due to poor visibility, schools and offices were closed Monday and officials rushed to take emergency measures to try to reverse the eroding air quality. Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.” 周末期間，由于能見度低，數(shù)百架航班被迫改道、延誤和取消，學(xué)校和辦公室周一關(guān)閉，官員們緊急采取措施，試圖扭轉(zhuǎn)不斷惡化的空氣質(zhì)量。學(xué)校、大學(xué)、醫(yī)院和市場分發(fā)了數(shù)百萬個防污染口罩。由此可知，由于污染嚴重，學(xué)校、大學(xué)