【正文】 致人們更加了解他人的需求，從而推動合作性的行為。根據(jù)第二段中的“However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to bee more aware of others39?？芍猣amilystyle指的是與別人一起用餐，故選B。 needs and drive cooperative behavior as a result.”他們形成了一套理論，認(rèn)為一方面，與他人一起吃飯可能表明糧食短缺，并加強(qiáng)了競爭的概念。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。To avoid the distraction during the game.【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了外交宴席的心理學(xué)To hide the intention of the experiment.B.To find out whether sharing food can get people close emotionally.（3）Why were participants asked to eat up the snack before the game? A.To prove sharing food increases petition.C.A meal taken in a family atmosphere.（2）For what purpose did the researchers carry out the present experiments? A.A meal consumed by oneself.B.A meal taken at home. The researchers measured cooperation by noting the number of rounds it took to reach an agreement, and found that those who shared food resolved the strike significantly faster（in 8. 7rounds）than those who did not（ rounds）. A similar experiment was conducted with 104participants and Goldfish crackers（餅干）, this time negotiating an airline39。 For the first test they recruited 100 pairs of participants from a local cafe, none of whom knew each other. The participants were seated at a table and fed tortilla chips with salsa. Half the pairs were given their own basket of 20 grams of chips and a bowl of 25 grams of salsa, and half were given 40 grams of chips and 50 grams of salsa to share. As a cover for the experiment, all participants were told this snack was to be consumed before the game began. Having conducted previous research in 2017 revealing that eating similar foods led to people feeling emotionally closer to one another, Dr Woolley and Dr Fishbach wondered whether the way in which food was served also had a psychological effect. They theorized that, on the one hand, sharing food with other people might indicate food scarcity（短缺）and increase a feeling of petition. However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to bee more aware of others39。3．犇犇閱讀理解 分析選項可知C項符合題意，故選C。本文主要對座頭鯨外形特點(diǎn)、體重、顏色，以及其如何繁殖喂養(yǎng)等生活習(xí)性等作了介紹，并呼吁大家保護(hù)意識。可知座頭鯨需要在暖和的地方繁殖，故選A?？芍^鯨在熱帶地區(qū)繁殖。 （2）考查推理判斷。 such patterns enable individual recognition可知，座頭鯨體色由深棕色至黑色，腳蹼、身體底部和尾鰭上通常是大面積的白色；這樣的圖案使單個的座頭鯨很容易被識別。根據(jù)第四個小點(diǎn)后的一段Body color is dark brown to black。help distinguish humpbacks from other similar species【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了座頭鯨外形特點(diǎn)、體重、顏色，以及其如何繁殖、喂養(yǎng)等生活習(xí)性等，并呼吁大家保護(hù)它。introduce how humpbacks migrate through some dangerous watersC. . A.They find plentiful food in tropical waters.D.They can39。 migration? A.Their bumpy tubercles and blowholes are on both sides of head.（2）Which of the following can be inferred from this article39。They are large and likely to grow longer than 15 metres.C. Protection status: Recovering well from past whaling and now numerous in some former migration and aggregation areas, rarely seen in others.（1）Which of the following is TRUE about humpback whales? A.hump39。 some nonbreeding females probably remain in the southern waters during winter. Young humpback whales return to their area of birth but in later life some wander between breeding areas. Humpbacks eat small shrimps and other schooling prey, such as fish, forming small, cooperative groups of two to three individuals to feed. Humpback whales belong to the rorqual (groovethroated) family, which includes fin, sei, Bryde39。 Bushy blow, occasionally Vshaped often extensive white on flippers and underside of body and flukes。 Bumpy tubercles on top of head variable dorsal fin size and shape。 Stocky, slowmoving whale, rarely grows beyond 15 metres in length 【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科教類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。根據(jù)第四段中的“The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice it.”及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要敘述了隨著越來越多的機(jī)器人具有人性化，參與者就可能越不會犧牲機(jī)器人。故選B。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question:‘ Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives?’可知，在這項研究中，參與者可能必須決定何時犧牲機(jī)器人。故選B。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。Robot Saved, People Take the HitD.Robots, A Must for FutureB.Certain moral status should be attached to robots.D.Humanized robots offer less help to people.B.what robots should be like（3）What can be inferred from Paulus39。where to experience risksC.How to find more applications.（2）In the study the participants probably have to decide ________. A.How to treat them in life.C. This result indicates that our study group attached a certain moral status to the robot, says Paulus. One possible suggestion of this finding is that attempts to humanize robots should not go too far. Such efforts could e into conflict with their intended function—to be of help to us.（1）What has bee a concern about robots? A. According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question: Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives? The participants were faced with a hypothetical (假設(shè)的) moral dilemma: Would they be prepared to put a single person at risk in order to save a group of injured persons? In the situations presented the intended victim was either a human, a humanoid robot that had been humanized (人性化的) to various degrees or a robot that was clearly recognizable as a machine. Robots are now being employed not just for dangerous tasks, such as discovering mines or rescuing people in disasters. They are also finding application as household helps and as nursing assistants. As increasing numbers of machines, equipped with the latest artificial intelligence, take on a growing variety of specialized and everyday tasks, the question of how people see them