【正文】 s more difficult for bats and, as a result, they are not very good at flying over longer distances. However, they are much better at the ability to adjust themselves: a bat can quickly change its direction of flight or pletely reverse it, something a bird cannot easily do. these will vary depending on the area where a bat species makes its home. For example, a cave bat, which regularly lives on a hard stone ceiling, is more careful about its landing preparation than a bat more accustomed to landing in leafy treetops.（1）Which of the following is the topic of the passage? A.Why scientists have difficulty observing bats.C.Ways in which bats move differently from birds.（2）Which of the following is a false assumption about bats that was recently corrected? A.They sleep upside down.C.They hide in tree branches.（3）The word it (in 2nd paragraph) probably refers to ______. A.B.the flying directionD.Bats might hurt themselves when landing.B.Bats can adjust speed before landing.Bats and birds land in different ways.【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，作者用研究事實來證明蝙蝠在飛行及運動方式與鳥類完全不同。 （1）考查主旨大意。第二段用研究證明過去認(rèn)為蝙蝠和鳥類在飛行運動方面沒有什么區(qū)別是錯誤的。綜上所述，可知，蝙蝠與鳥運動方式的不同是本文的主題。 （2）考查推理判斷。 （3）考查代詞指代。由此可知，此處的it指的是飛行的方向。 （4）考查推斷判斷。這種降落方式的一個缺點是蝙蝠經(jīng)常用力降落，這可能會導(dǎo)致疼痛。故選B。5．犇犇閱讀理解 Yellowstone National Park is a typical example of just how wolves can help repair an ecosystem. An October 2018 study analyzed 40 years of research on large animals inside the park.d never have seen these responses if the park hadn39。 After the wolves were reintroduced at Yellowstone, willow and cottonwood trees increased in number. The population of bears and bison also rose and what was once a ruling deerwolf interaction is now more diverse. The research is one more piece of evidence for why protecting these top predators is important not just for wolves as a species, but for hundreds of species at every level of an ecosystem. The fear they bring along may be the very angle that helps save them from dying out.（1）What does the underlined word anticipate in paragraph 3 probably mean? A.B.C.D.To introduce how wolves behave in the wild.B.To record how Aaron Wirsing observed wolves.D.It proves wolves feed on hundreds of species.B.It shows the plex relationships between species.D.The fear of wolves is beneficial to ecosystems.B.Yellowstone National Park owes its healthy ecosystems to wolves.D. （1）考查詞義猜測。故選A。根據(jù)第五段中的“To learn more about just how wolves are beneficial, a short documentary from Quest explains how the presence of wolves influences the behavior of deer, which eventually makes entire ecosystems more biologically diverse and healthy.”可知，拍攝紀(jì)錄片的目的是了解狼是如何對生態(tài)有益的。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。故這項研究的意義在于它有助于證明保護(hù)狼的重要性。 （4）考查主旨大意。故選A。6．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. s increased positive outlook. Our research took us in the fascinating direction of exploring how the body uses its energy.re being chased by a tiger, you don39。s cold. What you need is to shift all available energy resources to your legs, with the hope that you will live to experience another cough or sneeze.re happy, but to slow down dramatically when we39。muscles will respond to it by relaxing a little bitB.immune system will temporarily shut down to fulfill itD.experiences and related knowledgehappiness and biological evolutionC.optimism and length of life（3）What can be concluded from Robert Trivers39。Younger people adopt strategies of handling tense situations from everyday life.B.Realizing that their days are numbered, older people prefer being positive.D.Brain, muscles and immune systemB.Ancestors, emergency and evolutionEnergy, effort and response【答案】 （1）C（2）D（3）D（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明，老年人往往會記住生活中積極的事物，而不是消極的事物。特里弗斯合作研究身體是如何使用能量的，他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)解釋了這一現(xiàn)象。根據(jù)第二段中的“We have an enormous number of immune cells coursing through our body, a momentary break from production is fine. So, when our body needs extra energy, one of the places it goes is our immune function.”可知我們的身體里有大量的免疫細(xì)胞，暫時停止運作是可以的。由此可以推斷，免疫系統(tǒng)會暫時停止來為身體提供額外的能量。 （2）考查詞義猜測。也就是說積極與免疫功能之間有關(guān)系，越積極，免疫功能越強，就能活得越久，所有選項中D項（樂觀與壽命）之間最切題，故選D。根據(jù)最后一段中的As a result, our immune system evolved to run in maximum amounts when we39。re not.可知當(dāng)我們快樂時，我們的免疫系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化到最大程度，但是當(dāng)我們不快樂時，免疫系統(tǒng)會減弱。選D。作者開頭提出老年人更關(guān)注積極的事情，后文提到積極的情緒會增強免疫系統(tǒng)，所以本文主要講的是年齡，健康與積極的情緒之間的關(guān)系，選B。7．閱讀理解 s history, which makes the city always be a fascinating place for tourists. Air pollution in Indians capital surged to its worst levels in years, covering the city in a thick smog that has bee an annual publichealth emergency despite government vows to solve the problem. New Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coalbased power plants, swirling dust from construction sites and roads and smoke from crop stubble burning in neighboring states. Fireworks and firecrackers to celebrate the Hindu festival of Diwali then arrives, leaving Delhi the world39。The city39。 雖然政府發(fā)誓解決污染問題，但由于污染嚴(yán)重，整個新德里處于危險的污染中，人們必須戴防污口罩，冬天天氣寒冷污染物成霧霾，成為世界是污染最嚴(yán)重的城市。根據(jù)第三段“Air pollution in Indians capital surged to its worst levels in years, covering the city in a thick smog that has bee an annual publichealth emergency despite government vows to solve the problem.”印度首都的空氣污染飆升至多年來最嚴(yán)重的水平，籠罩著這座城市的濃霧已成為年度公共衛(wèi)生緊急事件，盡管政府誓言要解決這個問題；第五段“New Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coalbased power plants, swirling dust ..., leaving Delhi the world39。慶祝印度排燈節(jié)的煙花爆竹隨后到達(dá)，使德里現(xiàn)在成為世界上污染最嚴(yán)重的城市；以及第四段中的“Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.” 在學(xué)校、學(xué)院、醫(yī)院和市場上分發(fā)了數(shù)以百萬計的防污口罩。由此可判斷出政府幾乎沒有保護(hù)其公民免受嚴(yán)重污染。 （2）考查推理判斷。學(xué)校、大學(xué)、醫(yī)院和市場分發(fā)了數(shù)百萬個防污染