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assessment of his or her ability, and that in turn increases the level of effort the person ,也被稱為“自我實現(xiàn)的預(yù)言”。這種現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生是由兩個原因共同引起的。心懷期望的人對待其他人的方式是不同的,他會給其他人更有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作,從而讓人可以學(xué)到更多。與此同時,接受工作建議的人會將這看作對自己能力的準確評估,反過來也會付出更多努力。The lesson here is plain: you should understand the power of being in a highperforming/ highexpectation social environment versus alowperforming/ lowexpectation social setting can strongly affect what you believe is possible— and that will affect your confidence, the effort you expend, and the results you :要懂得高表現(xiàn)/高期望的環(huán)境與低表現(xiàn)、低期望相比所能賦予的能量。你所處的社交環(huán)境會很強烈地影響你的信念—而信念會影響你的自信,你付出的努力,和你獲得的成果。 On LearningWhen you focus on learning, failure is just a part of the process and won’t shake your ,失敗只是過程的一部分,不會動搖你的自信。Tests are not a gauge of selfworth or unchangeable, innate ’re a measure of how much improvement you’ve ,而是對你的進步的估量。Building on the research of Carol Dweck, you want to have a “growth mindset”: Measure yourself by effort, not by 德偉克的研究,你需要有一個“成長的心態(tài)”:用付出去評估自己,而不是用結(jié)果。Via Springboard: Launching Your Personal Search for Success:以下來自于《跳板:啟動你的個人成功搜索》:…repeated experiments have demonstrated the value of praising effort rather than innate you are praised by others in the right way, this can lead you to praise yourself based on your genuine effort when you acplishsomething significant and discount ments about the role of your natural should ignore any result— good or bad— that es after you put in only a halfhearted you should be proud of any result that follows hard work— even when the result is not what you had hoped….諸多實驗反復(fù)證實了肯定付出的努力而不是天賦這一做法的價值。如果其他人以正確的方式表揚你,這也會引導(dǎo)你在有了重大成就的時候肯定自己真實的努力,更少地去在乎他人對于你的天賦所起作用的評價。如果只是三心二意地付出了,那么你應(yīng)該忽略由此帶來的任何結(jié)果—無論是好是壞。而且對于努力付出后的任何結(jié)果,哪怕不是當初所希望的……你都應(yīng)該為之自豪。 A RitualWhat gets you in the zone? What gets you feeling ready? A cup of coffee? Preparation and review? Playing a game on your phone?什么能讓你進入狀態(tài)?什么能讓你準備就緒?一杯咖啡?準備和回顧?手機上玩?zhèn)€游戲? Recent research from Harvard professors Michael Norton and Francesca Gino shows that rituals have the power to make you more 諾頓和弗蘭切斯卡吉諾的近期研究顯示:固定的儀式有讓人更加自信的力量。Francesca explained in my interview with her:弗蘭切斯卡在我對她的采訪中解釋到:What we studied in this project was whether these rituals are really of beneficial effect in terms of bringing you confidence and potentially impacting your performance is actually what we is interesting about the studies is that we also have physiological we find is that if