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。)診斷(一),第二十頁(yè),共四十三頁(yè)。,鑒別(ji224。nbi233。)診斷(二),第二十一頁(yè),共四十三頁(yè)。,RE自然病程和免疫抑制治療的預(yù)期(y249。qī)影響,With the advent of immunotherapy, the natural clinical course seems to be changing. The rate of motor function and hemispheric volume loss is slowed,第二十二頁(yè),共四十三頁(yè)。,RE病理(b236。nglǐ)改變,The characteristic histopathological hallmarks of Rasmussen’s encephalitis are cortical inflammation(皮層炎癥), neuronal loss(神經(jīng)元丟失(diūsī)), and gliosis(膠質(zhì)增生) confined to one cerebralhemisphere(一側(cè)半球),第二十三頁(yè),共四十三頁(yè)。,病理(b236。nglǐ),一側(cè)半球多灶炎癥,進(jìn)行性小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞增生和淋巴細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)在血管周形成(x237。ngch233。ng)血管套, 神經(jīng)元死亡和嗜神經(jīng)現(xiàn)象是最常見的病理特征 晚期主要表現(xiàn)為皮層空洞形成,大量星型膠質(zhì)增生及神經(jīng)元的丟失 大腦所有部位均可累及,最常見為額島葉,枕葉皮層相對(duì)累及較少,第二十四頁(yè),共四十三頁(yè)。,A:MAP2神經(jīng)元在右側(cè)丟失;B皮層神經(jīng)元丟失,退行性改變;C同區(qū)域GFAP染色顯示AST活化(hu243。hu224。);D皮層神經(jīng)元嚴(yán)重丟失;E、AST增生纖維化,第二十五頁(yè),共四十三頁(yè)。,F.antiHLADR染色顯示小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞(x236。bāo)結(jié)節(jié)形成. (G) CD68(+)顯示皮層小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的活化;(H)CD8(+)細(xì)胞毒性T細(xì)胞在皮層浸潤(rùn). Higher magnifications of this section in (I) and (J) show appositions of cytotoxic T cells to neurons (arrows). (K) shows granzyme Bpositive granules in close apposition to a neuron,第二十六頁(yè),共四十三頁(yè)。,RE發(fā)病(fā b236。ng)機(jī)制,手術(shù)腦組織切片顯示2種病理改變: 1.與局灶皮層發(fā)育不良和結(jié)節(jié)性硬化相關(guān) 2.炎癥改變與FCD2b型損害相關(guān),損害周圍(zhōuw233。i)的皮層被累及 Rusmussen腦炎是起始于發(fā)育不良的局灶皮層的炎癥(FCD是因?)還是有些病例存在FCD而合并有炎癥(還是FCD與RE共存?),第二十七頁(yè),共四十三頁(yè)。,發(fā)病(fā b236。ng)機(jī)制—神經(jīng)免疫介導(dǎo),自身抗體介導(dǎo) T細(xì)胞毒性介導(dǎo) 小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞活化介導(dǎo) 炎性因子(yīnzǐ)基因的表達(dá),第二十八頁(yè),共四十三頁(yè)。,神經(jīng)免疫機(jī)制(jīzh236。)—自身抗體介導(dǎo),antibodymediated CNS degeneration GluR3 antibodies,alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(乙酰膽堿煙堿受體)or Munc181, An