【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 。s Commission on Commercial Law and Practice, whose membership is drawn from all parts of the world and all trade sectors, ensures that the Incoterms 2010 rules respond to business needs 1936 年國際商會制定出國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則之后，此項(xiàng)在全球范圍內(nèi)被采用的合同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就經(jīng)常性 地更新?lián)Q代，與國際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展步調(diào)一致。國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則 2010 考慮了免稅貿(mào)易區(qū)的不斷增加，電子溝通在商務(wù)中的不斷增多，以及被更加重視的貨物運(yùn)輸中的安全和變化等問題。國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通 則 2010 更新并加強(qiáng)了交貨規(guī)則，將規(guī)則總量從 13 條減少到了 11 條，并且使得所有規(guī)則的表述更加簡潔 明確。國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則 2010 同時也是第一個使得所有在買賣雙方中的適用保持中立的第一個國際 貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋版本。國際商會的商法和實(shí)踐委員會成員來自世界各地和多個貿(mào)易部門，該委員會廣泛的專業(yè)技能確保了國際貿(mào) 易術(shù)語解釋通則 2010 與各地的商貿(mào)需求相適應(yīng)。The Incoterms rules explain a set of threeletter trade terms reflecting businesstobusiness practice in contracts for the sale of Incoterms? rules describe mainly the tasks, costs and risks involved in the delivery of goods from sellers to to use the Incoterms? 2010 rules the Incoterms? 2010 rules into your contract of sale If you want the Incoterms? 2010 rules to apply to your contract, you should make this clear in the contract, through such words as, “[the chosen Incoterms rule including the named place ,followed by] Incoterms? 2010”. the appropriate Incoterms rule The chosen Incoterms rule needs to be appropriate to the goods, to the means of their transport, and above all to whether the parties intend to put additional Incoterms?規(guī)則主 要描述了貨物從賣方到買方運(yùn)輸過程中涉及的責(zé)任，費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險的劃分。如何適用 Incoterms?2010 規(guī)則 Incoterms?2010 規(guī)則應(yīng)用到銷售合同中 如果要使合同適用 Incoterms 規(guī)則 2010，應(yīng)在合同中明確表明，例如：所選擇的 Incoterms 規(guī)則（含指定 地點(diǎn)）適用 Incoerms?規(guī)則 2010。 Incoterms 規(guī)則 所選的 Incoterms 規(guī)則需要與貨物，采取的運(yùn)輸方式相適宜，最重要的是合同雙方是否意欲添加額外的義 example such as the obligation to organize carriage or insurance, on the seller or on the Guidance Note to each Incoterms rule contains information that is particularly helpful when making this Incoterms rule is chosen, the parties should be aware the interpretation of their contract may well be influenced by customs particular to the port or place being your place or port as precisely as possible The chosen Incoterms rule can work only if the parties name a place or port, and will work best if the parties specify the place or port as precisely as good example of such precision would be:： “FCA 38 Cours Albert 1er, Paris, France Incoterms 2010”.Under the Incoterms rule Ex Works(EXW), Free Carrier(FCA), Delivered at Terminal(DAT), Delivered at Place(DAP), Delivered Duty Paid(DDP),.例如將辦理運(yùn)輸或保險的義務(wù)加于買方或賣方。每個貿(mào)易術(shù)語的指導(dǎo)性解釋中的信息對作出如此的決定非 常有幫助。不論選用何種 Incoterms 規(guī)則，雙方應(yīng)該意識到對合同的解釋會受到使用的港口或地址慣例影 響。 只有當(dāng)事人雙方選定特定的一個收貨地或港口時，所選術(shù)語才能發(fā)揮作用。地點(diǎn)或港口名稱越精準(zhǔn)，Inconterms 規(guī)則越有效。以下精準(zhǔn)描述就是一個很好的例子： Incoterms 2010，F(xiàn)CA 規(guī)則，法國，巴黎，38 Cours Albert 1er 在 Incoterms 規(guī)則下： EXW 工廠交貨（……指定地點(diǎn)）FCA 貨交承運(yùn)人(……指定地點(diǎn))” DAT 終點(diǎn)站交貨(……指定目的地)DAP 地點(diǎn)交貨(……指定目的地)DDP 完稅后交貨(……指定目的地)Free Alongside Ship(FAS), and Free on Board(FOB),the named place is the place where delivery takes place and where risk passes from the seller to the the Incoterms rule Carriage Paid to(CPT), Carriage and Insurance Paid to(CIP), Cost and Freight(CFR)and Cost ,Insurance and Freight(CIF),the named place differs from the place of these four Incoterms rules, the named place is the place of destination to which carriage is as to place or destination can helpfully be further specified by stating a precise point in that place or destination in order to avoid doubt or that Incoterms rules do not give you a plete contract of sale Incoterms rules do say which party to the sale contract has the obligation to make carriage or insurance arrangements, when the seller delivers the goods to the buyer, and which costs each party is responsible 船邊交貨(……指定裝運(yùn)港)FOB 船上交貨(……指定裝運(yùn)港)此處所指地點(diǎn)為交貨地點(diǎn)，同時風(fēng)險也從賣方轉(zhuǎn)移至買方 Incoterms 規(guī)則下 CPT 運(yùn)費(fèi)付至（……指定目的地）CIP 運(yùn)費(fèi)、保險費(fèi)付至(…指定目的地)CFR 成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)(……指定目的港)CIF 成本、保險費(fèi) 加運(yùn)費(fèi)(指定目的港)所指地點(diǎn)隨交貨地不同而不同。在這些 Incoterms 規(guī)則下，所指地點(diǎn)為運(yùn)費(fèi)付至地。為了避免疑問和爭議，指定地點(diǎn)或目的地可以進(jìn)一步闡述為一個精確的地點(diǎn)。4..謹(jǐn)記 Incoterms 規(guī)則并沒有給當(dāng)事人提供一份完整的銷售合同 Incoterm 規(guī)則確有闡述銷售合同中當(dāng)事人的特定義務(wù)，當(dāng)賣方將貨物運(yùn)至買方時，辦理運(yùn)輸和保險義務(wù)的 承擔(dān)。Incoterms rules, however, say nothing about the price to be paid or the method of its do they deal with the transfer of ownership of the goods, or the consequences of a breach of matters are normally dealt with through express terms in the contract of sale or in the law governing that parties should be aware that mandatory local law may override any aspect of the sale contract, including the chosen Incoterms ，Incoterms 并沒有任何關(guān)于付款價格或付款方式的規(guī)定，或是貨物所有權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)移，違約的后果等。這 些問題通常是通過銷售合同的明示條款和適用的法律條文來解決。當(dāng)事人需要注意的是，當(dāng)?shù)貜?qiáng)制適用的 法律有可能優(yōu)先于銷售合同的內(nèi)容，包括所選擇的 Incoterms 規(guī)則。Main features of the Incoterm?2010 rules new Incoterms rules — DAT and DAP— have replaced the Incoterms 2000 rules DAF,DES,DEQ and DDU The number of Incoterms rules has been reduced from 13 to has been achieved by substituting two rules that may be used irrespective of the agreed mode of transport — DAT, Delivered at Terminal, and DAP, Delivered at Place — for the incoterms 2000 rules DAF,DES,DEQ and ?2010 的主要特征，即 DAT 和 DAP 代替了原來 Incoterms2000 的 DAF,DES,DEQ 和 DDU 術(shù)語。貿(mào)易術(shù)語的數(shù)量從原來的 13 個減少到 11 個。Incoterms2010 用兩個可以不顧及已議定的運(yùn)輸模式的新術(shù) 語——DAT，目的地交貨和 DAP，指定地交貨——代替了 Incoterms2000 中的 DAF,DES,DEQ 和 DDU 術(shù) 語。Under both new rules, delivery occurs at a named destination: in DAT, at the buyer’s disposal unloaded from the arriving vehicle(as under the former DEQ rule)。in DAP, likewise at the buyer’s disposal, but ready for unloading(as under the former DAF, DES and DDU rules).The new rules make the Incoterms 2000 rules DES and DEQ named terminal in DAT may well be in a port, and DAT can therefore safely be used in cases where the Incoterms 2000 rule DEQ once , the arriving “vehicle” under DAP may well be a ship and the named place of destination may well be a port: consequently, DAP can safely be used in cases where the Incoterms 2000 rule DES once new rules, like their predecessors, are “delivered”, with the seller bearing all the costs(other than those related to import clearance, where applicable)and risks involved in bringing the goods to the named place of rules DAT 和 DAP 術(shù)語都規(guī)定需在指定地點(diǎn)交貨：在 DAT 情況下，從運(yùn)輸工具上卸下貨物交由買方處置（這和 先前的 DEQ 術(shù)