【文章內容簡介】 式制冷機，容量從180至五六零零千瓦。雙效機使用高壓蒸汽可達1000kpa或等效的高溫熱水。這種類型吸收式制冷機可從1200到7000千瓦在大型裝置中，吸收式制冷機有時與蒸汽渦輪機驅動的離心壓縮機相結合。從渦輪機的蒸汽冷凝輸送到吸收機發(fā)電機。當離心裝置是有一個燃氣渦輪或者一個發(fā)動機組成，一個吸收器的動力可能來自于有外殼的發(fā)電機提供的蒸汽或高溫熱水。熱交換器傳遞排氣的廢熱到流體介質可以提高循環(huán)效率。冷卻塔P165。其中，機械通風塔，這可能是強制通風，引風，或噴射器類型，可設計為大多數(shù)情況下，因為它不依賴于風。空調系統(tǒng)使用的冷卻塔，可以是20到1800kw的單體組合到不限尺寸的多個單元的立式塔。如果冷卻塔在地面上，它至少離建筑物30m因為兩個原因。減少冷卻塔在建筑物中的噪音。防止空氣霧化建筑物的窗戶。塔應保持了從停車場同樣的距離，以避免與水處理化學染色汽車面漆。當塔屋頂上時，其振動和噪聲必須從建筑物隔離。有些塔的噪音比較少，有的有衰減外殼減少噪音。在建造一個冷卻塔之前，這些條件應當被探討。充足的房間內的氣流，應提供屏障以防止回流。許多塔，尤其是較大的，使允許有適當?shù)墓苈房臻g，屋頂維修室。比冷卻塔低的水泵應具有足夠的凈正吸入壓力，但是他們必須安裝為能防止停機時排空管道。塔必須設防凍，如果在室外溫度低于2攝氏度需要冷卻。防凍包括旁通水直接進入水槽或回水線，和加熱塔盤水到高于冰點的溫度。熱可以由蒸汽或熱水盤管或者通過熱電阻加熱塔盤增加。此外，一個熱加熱電纜在冷凝器水上和補水管和對絕緣部分進行熱保溫工作需要保持水管不被凍結。當冷卻塔是接近冰點的條件下工作時也需要特殊的控制。其中冷卻塔將無法運行在嚴寒的天氣，為塔和管道排水必須作出規(guī)定。引流是最有效的辦法，以防止塔和管道結冰。還必須注意給水處理，以減少冷卻塔和制冷機吸收和/或冷凝器所需的維修。冷卻塔也可以通過過濾直接在冷凍水回路循環(huán)冷凝器的水，通過一個獨立的熱交換器冷卻冷凍水，或者采用制冷設備的熱交換器制冷，在過渡季節(jié)為建筑供冷。冷卻塔通常選擇多臺，這樣它們可以減少運行能力和在寒冷天氣下關閉以進行維修。第36章包括進一步的設計和應用的細節(jié)。風冷冷凝器風冷式冷凝器通過室外空氣掠過干盤管對制冷劑冷凝。在冷凝溫度較高，因此這一過程的結果，在輸入功率較大的巔峰狀態(tài)，然而超過24小時的高峰時間可能會相對較短。風冷冷凝器在小往復系統(tǒng)中很受歡迎，packaged unit systems are applied to almost all classes of buildings 組合單元系統(tǒng)適用于幾乎所有的建筑類they are especially suitable for smaller projects with no central plant where low initial cost and simplified installation are important 他們特別適用于沒有集中的工廠規(guī)模較小需要低初始成本和簡化的安裝很重要的項目These units are installed in office buildings,shopping centers,manufacturing plants,hotels,motels,schools,medical facilities,nursing homes,and other multipleoccupancy dwellings 這些單位都安裝在辦公樓，商場，工廠，賓館，汽車旅館，學校，醫(yī)療設施，養(yǎng)老院，以及其他多占用的住房they are also suited to air conditioning existing buildings with limited life or ine potential 它們也適合于生命有限收入有潛力的建筑物空調applications also include facilities requiring specialized high performance levels,such as puter rooms and research laboratories 應用還包括需要專門研究高性能水平，諸如電腦室和實驗室設施，these systems are characterized by several separate airconditioning units,each with an integral refrigeration cycle 這些系統(tǒng)的特點是由幾個獨立的空氣調節(jié)系統(tǒng)，每一個包含有完整的制冷循環(huán) the ponents are factory designed and assembled into a package that includes fans,filters,heating coil,cooling coil,refrigerant pressor,refrigerantside controls,airside controls,and condenser 這些組件廠設計成一套，包括風機，過濾器，加熱盤管，冷卻盤管，制冷壓縮機，制冷劑側的控制，空氣側的控制組裝和冷凝器the equipment is manufactured in various configurations to meet a wide range of applications 該設備生產(chǎn)的各種配置，以滿足廣泛的應用examples include window air conditioners,throughthewall room air conditioners,unitary air conditioners for indoor and outdoor locations,airsource heat pumps,and watersource heat pumps 例子包括：窗式空調，通過壁掛式房間空氣調節(jié)器，適用于室內和室外單元式空調，空氣源熱泵和水源熱泵specialized packages for puter rooms,hospitals,and classrooms are also available 特別套應用于電腦室，醫(yī)院，教室也可ponents are matched and assembled to achieve specific performance objectives 部件匹配和組裝要達到特定的目標these limitations make the manufacture cost,qualitycontrolled,factorytested products practicaloflow 這些限制使低成本，質量控制，工廠測試的產(chǎn)品得以生產(chǎn)實踐for aparticular kind and capacity of unit,performance characteristics vary among manufacturers 適用于任何特定種類和單機容量，性能特點各不相同制造商all characteristics should be carefully assessed to ensure that the equipment performs as needed for the application 所有特征，應仔細評估，以確保設備的應用程序執(zhí)行所需的several trade associations have developed standards by which manufacturers may test and rate their equipment 一些貿易協(xié)會制定的標準，制造商可以通過它測試和評價自己的設備large mercial/industrial grade equipment can be custom designed by the factory to meet specific design conditions and job requirements 大型商業(yè)/工業(yè)級設備，可以由工廠定制設計以滿足特定設計條件和工作要求 this equipment carries a higher first cost and is not readily available in smaller sizes 該設備的初投資相當高，不容易在較小的尺寸可供選擇selfcontained units can use multiple pressors to control refrigeration capacity 獨立式機組可以使用多臺壓縮機來控制制冷量for variable air volume systems,pressors are are turned on or off or unloaded to maintain the discharge air temperature 變風量系統(tǒng)，壓縮機是打開或關閉或卸載，以維持排氣溫度變風量系統(tǒng)，壓縮機是打開或關閉或卸載，以維持排氣溫度although the equipment can be applied as a single unit,this chapter covers the application of multiple units to form a plete airconditioning system for a building 雖然該設備可以作為一個單元申請，本章涵蓋了多個單位應用，形成一個完整的空氣調節(jié)系統(tǒng)的建設multiple,packagedunit systems for perimeter spaces are frequently bined with a central allair or floorbyfloor systems 多，包裝單位為周邊空間系統(tǒng)往往結合了中央所有空中或地面的地板系統(tǒng)these binations can provide better humidity control,air purity,and ventilation than packaged units alone 這些組合可以提供更好的濕度控制，空氣純凈，比單獨包裝的單位和通風airhandling systems may also serve interior building spaces that cannot be conditioned by wall or windowmounted units 空氣處理系統(tǒng)也可以為室內建筑，不能被墻或窗式空調空間單位heating and cooling capability can be provided at all times,independent of the mode of operation of other spaces in the building 窗體頂端加熱和冷卻能力可提供在任何時候，其他的操作空間獨立的建設模式manufacturermatched ponents have certified ratings and performance data 制造商認證匹配組件有額定功率和性能數(shù)據(jù)assembly by a manufacturer helps ensure better quality control and reliability 由制造商大會有助于確保更好的質量控制與可靠性manufacturer instructions and multipleunit arrangements simplify the installation through repetition of tasks 制造商的指示，多單位的安排，通過簡化重復的安裝任務only one unit conditioner and one zone of temperature control are affected if equipment malfunctions 只有一個單位，一個空調溫度控制地帶的影響，如果設備故障 system is readily available 系統(tǒng)是現(xiàn)成的one manufacturer is responsible for the final equipment package 一個制造商，是整套設備的最終責任for improved energy control,equipment serving vacant spaces can be turned off locally or from a central point,without affecting occupied spaces 提高能源控制，設備服務空地可以關閉本地或從一個中心點，在不影響占用空間 system operation is simple/trained operators are not required 系統(tǒng)操作簡單/培訓經(jīng)營者，無須less mechanical and electrical room space is required than with central systems 減少機械和電氣室空間需要比中央系統(tǒng) initial cost is usually low 初始投資成本通常比較低equipment can be installed to condition one space at a time as a building is pleted,remodeled,or as individual areas are occupied,wit favorable initial investment 設備可以安裝在一個空間條件一次作為構建完成，改造，或個別地區(qū)的占領，機智有利的初始投資energy can be metered directly to each tenant 能量可以直接到每個租戶計量limited performance options may be available because airflow,cooling coil size