【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 For example:例一原文：He is not quite used to the Spartan lives of the island.譯文：他對島上那種斯巴達式的簡樸生活不太習慣。例二原文：It was Friday, and soon they’d go out and get drunk.譯文：星期五發(fā)薪日到了，他們馬上就要上街喝的酩酊大醉。For people who take English as their mother language, the ancient Spartan is known for their simple lives, but Chinese don’t know the allusion, so for the understanding of Chinese readers, “簡樸”is added to the target text. For the same reason, in England, Friday is the traditional pay day, so it’s unnecessary to explain why people go out and get drunk on that day, while in China, we don’t have the same custom, so more people will take it as a relax day but not a pay day. Under this condition, the explanation is necessary. NoteNote is a method to give an explanation to the hard understanding part in a text. There are many kinds of note, such as footnote, endnote, a collection of notes and notes in parentheses. Just like what have mentioned above, note has the same effect with amplification. For Example:原文：”When we alighted at this door, a dispute arose with the driver of the cabriolet…” A loud scream from his wife, at the mention of this word, rendered all further explanation inaudible.譯文：“我們在門口下車的時候，跟那單馬雙輪車車夫發(fā)生了一點爭執(zhí)……“說到單馬雙輪車的時候，他的妻子發(fā)出了一聲又高又尖的叫喚，使得下面的解釋都聽不見了。It’s not enough to translate “cabriolet” into “單馬雙輪車“for the target text readers. In 19th century England, cabriolet was thought to be the least decent hackney, and only humble people took it. Here, what the husband said hurt his wife’s selfesteem, so she screamed, so for the understanding of readers, it’s necessary to add the footnote: 單馬雙輪車是出租馬車里最沒有派頭的，在19世紀的英國，只有地位低賤的人才會坐這種馬車，所以說不得。 Translation Methods of DomesticationJust like foreignization, domestication has its own suitable methods. There are free translation, cultural substitution, ellipsis and note. Free Translation Free translation aims to deliver the flavor of the original text, making the target text readers get identical feelings with the original text readers. The method will make various changes of grammar and structure of the original language. In a sense, learners who want to learn foreign culture will not like it, so usually, we use free translation only when literal translation is unavailable. For example:原文：At 19 he had menced one of those careers attractive and inexplicable to ordinary mortals for whom a single bankruptcy is good as a feast.譯文：他19歲時就已經(jīng)走上了一條在普通人看來是極富吸引力而又不可理解的道路，普通人認為，只是一次破產(chǎn)就叫人夠嗆了。If we literally translate “good as a feast” into “像豐富的宴席一樣好”, we will get the opposite meaning. “叫人夠嗆”can deliver the original meaning better. Cultural SubstitutionCultural substitution is to replace a certain phrase in original language by a totally different phrase which can give the target text readers the identical feelings. Its strong point is that it can make the target text readers apprehend the original culture with their own cultural knowledge. For example:原文：They will be iceskating in hell the day, when I vote the aid for them.譯文：要我投票贊成給他們援助，除非太陽從西邊出來。In Chinese culture, hell is a gloomy and frightful place. It’s hard for us to understand the connotative impossibility. In western world, hell is a hot place with fire, so it’s impossible to skate under such circumstance. Such sentences can only be displaced by Chinese proverb, which can show its original flavor vividly. EllipsisEllipsis is to omit some information in the original text in order to make the target text easier to understand. This method isn’t good for cultural exchange, but it’s not so bad either. In fact, many elements in ancient literary works make no sense to the original text readers, let alone the target text readers. Under such conditions, we can omit some meaningless words or phrases. For example:原文：火柴劃亮，三枚“寶通”朝上。譯文：He struck a match。 three coins lay face up.Here, “寶通”is a very Chinese expression and we need to explain it with a lot of words, but seen from the context, it’s unnecessary to make a great effort to explain it, so it is translated to coins simply. Of course, the ellipsis of some words or phrases must cause the absence of meanings, so it is the last resort in translation. NoteIt has been mentioned when we discussed the methods of foreignization. It can also be used in the strategy of domestication. Although domestication can provide readers with an equivalent target text, but it can not satisfy their curiosity of knowing exotic culture, so a responsible translator needs to make up the omitted information, especially when it is very important. For example:原文：Mr. Kingsley and his Red Brick boys will have to look to their laurels.譯文：金斯利先生和他那些二流大學的學生們必須小心翼翼地保持已經(jīng)取得的榮譽。 The simple translation of “Red Brick” into “二流大學” will confuse the readers, so translators need to explain it in the footnote: Red Brick又稱Red Brick Universities,指英國除牛津、劍橋大學之外的其它地方性二流大學。因其建筑主要是紅磚砌成，不像牛津、劍橋的建筑為古色古香的石塊所建成，故得此名。In the strategies of domestication and foreignization, there are various methods to deal with the cultural disparities. A good translator must use them properly, because any kind of imbalance will hinder munication. In a sense, translation strategies are at the helm and different methods can appear in the same text. Domestication and foreignization are not contrary but plementary. In the translation of metaphor, we must use different methods prehensively.III. An Introduction of MetaphorIn this section, three issues are mainly discussed, including a general introduction of metaphor, three categories of metaphor translation and the main difficulties in metaphor translation. A General Introduction of MetaphorAs a figure of speech, metaphor’s importance in writing a beautiful text is understood without being told, but its effect on people’s thinking is always ignored. In this part, a general introduction of metaphor will be given. Definitions of metaphorMetaphor is a widely used and vivid figure of speech. Usu