【正文】 The Application of Domestication and Foreignization in the Translation of Metaphor歸化與異化策略在隱喻翻譯中的應(yīng)用作者姓名：\\專 業(yè)：\\班 級：\\指導(dǎo)老師：\\AbstractThe nature of metaphor is not only a matter of language, but also a matter of mind and a way of thinking and cognition. It is rooted in language, thinking and culture. Translation is an intercultural exchange, and as a lively language, metaphor is a mirror of culture without doubt. Schleiermacher, the Germany translation theorist said there were only two ways to translate: One is to guide the readers to approach to the author, while the other is to guide the author to approach to the readers. That’s what we called foreignization and domestication later. Translating a metaphor from one culture to another usually requires that a choice first be made between two basic translation strategies: domestication and foreignization. This paper mainly discusses the translation methods of domestication and foreignization and the three categories of metaphor translation according to the conceptual domains of metaphor. At last, the application of domestication and foreignization in the translation of metaphor is analyzed with the help of the bination of the two issues. In the translation of metaphor, there is no absolute domestication or foreignization, as long as translators can deliver the meaning of the source language well, a successful translation can be got.Key words: metaphor translation。 domestication。 foreignization。 literal translation。 free translation摘 要隱喻不僅是語言現(xiàn)象，而且是一種思維方式，是人類生存和認知的基本方式之一，它根植于語言、思維和文化中。翻譯是一種跨文化交流，而隱喻作為生動的語言，無疑是文化的一面鏡子。德國翻譯理論家施萊爾馬赫提出，翻譯的途徑只有兩種：一種是盡可能讓作者居安不動，而引導(dǎo)讀者去接近作者；一種是盡可能讓讀者居安不動，而引導(dǎo)作者去接近讀者，后來就衍生為異化和歸化。在對兩種文化進行轉(zhuǎn)化的過程中，隱喻譯者通常需要首先在兩種基本翻譯策略中做出選擇，即歸化和異化。本文主要討論歸化和異化的具體翻譯方法和對隱喻概念域的三種劃分，并通過對這兩個問題的探討分析歸化和異化策略在隱喻翻譯中的應(yīng)用。在隱喻翻譯過程中并沒有絕對的歸化或異化，只要譯者能很好的傳遞原文信息，這就是一個成功的翻譯。關(guān)鍵詞：隱喻翻譯；歸化；異化；直譯；意譯ContentsI. Introduction 1 and Foreignization 3 Definitions of Domestication and Foreignization 3 Translation Methods of Foreinization 5 Transliteration 5 Literal Translation 5 Amplification 6 Note 7 Translation Methods of Domestication 8 Free Translation 8 Cultural Substitution 8 Ellipsis 9 Note 10III. An Introduction of Metaphor 12 A General Introduction of Metaphor 12 Definitions of metaphor 12 Studies on Metaphor at Home and abroad 13 Three Categories of Metaphor Translation 14 The Equivalent Mapping of the Conceptual Domains of Metaphor 15 The Domesticating Mapping of the Conceptual Domains of Metaphor 15 The Transplantation of the Mapping of the Conceptual Domains of Metaphor 16 Main Difficulties in Metaphor Translation 16 Differences in Geography 17 Differences in Culture 17 Differences in Religious Beliefs 18IV. The Application of Domestication and Foreignization in the Translation of Metaphor 20 The Equivalent Mapping of the Conceptual Domains of Metaphor: Literal Translation 20 The Domesticating Mapping of the Conceptual Domains of Metaphor 21 Free Translation 21 Cultural Substitution 23 Ellipsis 24 The Transplantation of the Mapping of the Conceptual Domains of Metaphor 26 Note and Amplification 26 Note and Transliteration 27V. Conclusion 28Bibliography 30Acknowledgements 31 I I. IntroductionNewmark (2001) said that metaphor translation is a microcosm of the translation of all languages, because there are various methods to choose in the translation of metaphor. We can deliver its meaning, recreate images, make revision, or show a perfect bination of the meaning and images. All the things are associated with the context of the paper and culture of the society, let alone of the importance of metaphor in the paper. These words illustrate the plication of metaphor translation exactly. Metaphor is a mon but fancy language phenomenon, relating to many subjects, such as linguistic culture and social psychology. On the surface, it shows the aesthetic of language, in fact, the most important is that it reflects the author’s faculty of observing and appreciating. The successful translation of metaphor is a crucial part to the recurring of the information of the source language, so metaphor translation mainly depends on the following elements: whether the metaphor can be preserved, how to deliver the image of the vehicle, to change the image or to abandon it, how to show the figure of speech and how to maintain the meaning of the metaphor.Domestication and foreignization are two mon translation strategies and after a longtime research, they have got their own schools, which only emphasize their advantages but ignore disadvantages. Gradually, they realize that they must learn each other’s good points for a good translation. In the translation of metaphor, we should use different methods flexibly under the guidance of domestication and foreignization. The proper foreignization is good for culture munication, but the emphasis of it doesn’t mean the denial of domestication. They will always be plementary in the strategies of translation.This paper is posed of five parts. Part I is an introductory part. The background, aims and significance of the thesis are discussed, as well as the issues which are to be dealt with. Part II mainly discusses two things: a general introduction of domestication and foreignization and the translation methods of them. Part III is of great importance. It provides us with the three categories of metaphor translation and the main difficulties in metaphor translation. Part IV is the body part of the paper, which gives us a detailed analysis of the domestication and foreignization in the translation of metaphor with the help of what we have discussed in Part II and Part III. Part V is the concluding part, in which the whole thesis is summarized and the results of the paper are given. and Foreignizati