【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 提及美國式的習慣、思想等概念時，我意欲在“美國式的”這一詞匯之前加上某種限定，因為歐美（尤其是英美）之間的差異往往只是程度上的差異而已，并且有時候僅僅只是微乎其微的一點程度差異而已。差異的多寡是件極為微妙的事務，這極容易使一個英國人在審視美國時大惑不解。他所審視的那個國家，從某些重要的意義上來說，誕生于他自己的國家，并在某些方面仍與他自己的國家相差無幾然而，它卻實實在在是一個異邦。兩者間存在著某些古怪的交替重迭，以及令人甚感突兀的陌生感；親緣關(guān)系已讓位于一種突如其來的異化與疏遠，這種情景仿佛就像我們隔著馬路向另一個人打招呼，結(jié)果卻從這個人漠無表情的反應中發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們原來竟然錯將生人當成了熟人。高等院校英語專業(yè)八級考試樣題Ⅳ（原 文）加拿大的溫哥華1986年剛剛度過百歲生日，但城市的發(fā)展令世界矚目。以港立市，以港興市，是許多港口城市生存發(fā)展的道路。經(jīng)過百年開發(fā)建設，有著天然不凍良港的溫哥華，成為舉世聞名的港口城市，同亞洲、大洋洲、歐洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班輪，年貨物吞吐量達到8，000萬噸，全市就業(yè)人口中有三分之一從事貿(mào)易與運輸行業(yè)。溫哥華（Vancouver）的輝煌是溫哥華人智慧和勤奮的結(jié)晶，其中包括多民族的貢獻。加拿大地廣人稀，國土面積比中國還大，人口卻不足3000萬。吸收外來移民，是加拿大長期奉行的國策?？梢哉f，加拿大除了印第安人外，無一不是外來移民，不同的只是時間長短而已。溫哥華則更是世界上屈指可數(shù)的多民族城市?，F(xiàn)今180萬溫哥華居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4個居民中就有一個是亞洲人。而25萬華人對溫哥華的經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型起著決定性的作用。他們其中有一半是近5年才來到溫哥華地區(qū)的，使溫哥華成為亞洲以外最大的中國人聚居地。（參考譯文）In 1986, Vancouver, Canada, just marked its centennial anniversary, but the achievements made by the city in its urban development have already captured worldwide build up a city and model its economy on the basis of a harbor is the usual practice that port cities resort to for their existence and a century39。s construction and development, Vancouver, which boasts of a naturallyformed icefree harbor, has bee an internationally celebrated port city, operating regular ocean liners with Asia, Oceania, Europe and Latin annual cargohandling capacity reaches 80 million tons, with one third of the city39。s employed population engaged in trade and transportation glorious achievements of Vancouver is the crystallization(fruition)of the wisdom(intelligence)and the industry of the Vancouver people as a whole, including the contributions made by a diversity of ethnic is a large country with a small its territory is bigger than that of China, it only has a population of less than 30 million , to attract and to accept foreign immigrants have bee a national policy long observed by can be safely asserted that, except for Indians, all Canadian citizens are foreign immigrants, differing only in the length of time they have settled in , in particular, is one of the few most celebrated multiethnic cities in the present, among the million Vancouver residents, half of them are not nativeborn and one out of every four residents is from 250,000 Chinese there have played a decisive role in facilitating the transformation of the Vancouver of them have e to settle in Vancouver only over the past five years, making Vancouver the largest area outside Asia where the Chinese B: Translate the following underlined part of the English text into Chinese（原 文）In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors。to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife。to repair or rejuvenate the marriage。to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children(or males)is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper familythey need children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution uniquely available, at least in principle, for security, fort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile, most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance and in generational extension.（參考譯文）在某些社會中，人們希望擁有孩子是出于所謂的家庭原因：傳宗接代，光宗耀祖，博取祖輩的歡心，使那些涉及到整個家族的宗教儀式得以發(fā)揮其應有的作用。此類原因在現(xiàn)代世俗化的社會中似顯蒼白，但它們在其他地方曾一度構(gòu)成并確實仍在構(gòu)成強有力的理由。此外，有一類家庭原因與下列類別不無共通之處，這便是：生兒育女是為著維系或改善婚姻：能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不致于無所事事；修復婚姻或為婚姻注入新的活力；多子多孫，以為家庭幸福，惟系于此。這一點更可因其相反情形而得以凸現(xiàn)：在某些社會中，無法生兒育女（或無法生育男孩）于婚姻而言可構(gòu)成一種威脅，并可作為離婚的一個順理成章的（或現(xiàn)成的）緣由。除了所有這一切以外，還有一個原因，那就是后代對于家庭這一體制本身所具有的深遠意義。對許多人來說，夫婦兩人尚不足以構(gòu)成一個真正意義上的家庭夫妻需要孩子來豐富其兩人小天地，賦予該小天地以真正意義上的家庭性質(zhì)，并從子孫后代身上獲取某種回報。孩子需要家庭，但家庭似乎也需要孩子。作為一種社會體制，家庭以其特有的方式，至少從原則上說，可在一個變幻莫測、常常是充滿敵意的世界中讓人從中獲取某種安全、慰藉、保障，以及價值取向。于大多數(shù)人而言，這樣的一個家庭基礎(chǔ)，即使從其表層意義上來講，也需要不至一個人來維持其存在，并使其世代相傳，生生不息。高等院校英語專業(yè)八級考試樣題Ⅴ（原 文）徐霞客一生周游考察了16個省，足跡幾乎遍及全國。他在考察的過程中，從來不盲目迷信書本上的結(jié)論。他發(fā)現(xiàn)前人研究地理的記載有許多不很可靠的地方。為了進行真實細致的考察，他很少乘車坐船，幾乎全靠雙腳翻山越嶺，長途跋涉；為了弄清大自然的真相，他總是挑選道路艱險的山區(qū)，人煙稀少的森林進行考察，發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多奇山秀景；他常常選擇不同的時間和季節(jié)，多次重游各地名山，反復觀察變換的奇景。（參考譯文）During his lifetime, Xu Xiake traveled around and conducted surveys in 16 left his footsteps in virtually every part of the the process of conducting his surveys and investigations, he would never blindly embrace the conclusions recorded in previous , he discovered that the documentations made by his predecessors in their geographical studies were not quite reliable in many order to ensure that his reconnaissance were real and detailed, he seldom traveled by ship or by climbed over mountains and hills and traveled long distances almost entirely on order to develop a true picture of the natural world, he made it a point of undertaking his expeditions in those mountain areas where roads were difficult to travel and in those woods that were sparsely this way he discovered many marvelous mountains and beautiful frequently chose different times and seasons of the year to make repeated visits to the famous mountains across the country so that he could make repeated observations of their wonderful scenery that kept changing all year B: Translate the following underlined part of the English text into Chinese（原 文）The thirtysecond day out of Bombay began the morning a sea smashed one of the galley dashed in through lots of steam and found the cook very wet and indignant with the ship: “She39。s getting worse e