【文章內(nèi)容簡介】
amping(沖壓) capacity, a specially designed grabbing(抓) device (an iron hand) was installed to take the stamped part out of the machine quickly, utilizing the upward moving force of the machine. With this arrangement, the upward force, which in itself does not add value to the product, is now bined with the work of the iron hand. Since this device was designed to reach the part even before the upper die reached the highest point of its stroke, additional stamping capacity was gained. “ECRS”四大原則q R: Rearrange,重排。經(jīng)取消、合并后,可在根據(jù) “何人、何處、何時 ”三提問進(jìn)行重排,制定最佳工作、操作和動作順序。 Case 3: A machining operation used two machines, each handled by a different operator. Since each machine was highly automated, the operators39。 time was not well utilized. They spent most of their time watching the machine operation adding no value to the product. By moving the machines closer together and bining the work, one operator could run both machines and still produce the same total output. “ECRS”四大原則q S: Simplify,簡化。最后可考慮能否采用最簡單的方法與設(shè)備,以節(jié)省人力、時間和費(fèi)用。 Case 4: In an assembly operation, an operator was using two different parts for making two different products. Because the two parts were similar, occasional mistakes resulted when the wrong part was used. “ECRS”四大原則q E: Eliminate,取消。在經(jīng)過 “5W1H”之后,若結(jié)論為不必要,則予以取消。q C: Combine,合并。對必要的工序、操作或動作,則應(yīng)考慮能否通過合并達(dá)到省時簡化的目的。q R: Rearrange,重排。經(jīng)取消、合并后,可在根據(jù) “何人、何處、何時 ”三提問進(jìn)行重排,制定最佳工作、操作和動作順序。q S: Simplify,簡化。最后可考慮能否采用最簡單的方法與設(shè)備,以節(jié)省人力、時間和費(fèi)用。系統(tǒng)分析方法:解決干什么的問題v在若干選定的目標(biāo)和準(zhǔn)則下,分析構(gòu)成各項事務(wù)的系統(tǒng)的功能及其相互之間的關(guān)系,利用定量方法提供允許和可用的數(shù)據(jù),以制定可用的方案、并推斷可能生產(chǎn)的效果,以期尋求對系統(tǒng)的整體效益最大的策略。v例如:例如:問題提取的替代選擇分析過程( Baxter, 1996)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計方法v在系統(tǒng)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,按照系統(tǒng)思想和優(yōu)化要求,綜合運(yùn)用各有關(guān)學(xué)科的知識、技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗、通過總體研究和詳細(xì)設(shè)計等環(huán)節(jié),落實到具體工作和項目上,以創(chuàng)造出滿足設(shè)計目的的人造系統(tǒng)。創(chuàng)造性技術(shù)? 提問法: 5W1H 根據(jù)需要研究的對象列出有關(guān)問題,形成檢查表,然后一個個核對討論,從而發(fā)掘出解決問題的大量設(shè)想的創(chuàng)造性技術(shù)。評價 改進(jìn)創(chuàng)造性技術(shù)v列舉法 通過集體啟發(fā)的形式,將所研究問題的特點、缺點、希望狀態(tài)羅列出來,提出相應(yīng)的改經(jīng)措施,從而形成具有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的系統(tǒng)方案;v頭腦風(fēng)暴法 針對一定問題,召集有關(guān)人員參加小型會議,在融洽輕松的會議氣氛中,與會者敞開思想,各抒己見,自由聯(lián)系,相互啟發(fā)和激勵,使創(chuàng)造性設(shè)想起連鎖反映,從而獲得眾多解決問題的方案。例如:故障模式和影響分析法創(chuàng)造性技術(shù)v情景分析法 在專家召集推測的基礎(chǔ)上,對可能的未來情景的描述。即通過一系列有目的的、有步驟的探