世界化肥化工企業(yè)(編輯修改稿)
2025-03-05 14:17 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ? History ? The first steps with fertilizer ? Financed by the Swedish Wallenberg family and French banks, the pany was founded on December 2, 1905 as Norsk hydroelektrisk Kv230。 lstofaktieselskab (lit. Norwegian hydroelectric nitrogen limited) by Sam Eyde, exploiting a novel technology for producing artificial fertilizers by fixing nitrogen from air. The technology had been developed by the Norwegian scientist Kristian Birkeland. The method is still known as the Birkeland–Eyde process. The process required large amounts of electric energy, and for this, a power plant was built at the Svelgfossen waterfall near Notodden. Later also Rjukanfossen waterfall was developed and its power harnessed, in the process establishing the city of Rjukan, establishing the plant Norsk Hydro Rjukan. ? Hydro39。s first factory was built at Notodden (opened in 1907) followed up with another at Rjukan, Tinn (opened in 1911). Then in 1912 production is established at Glomfjord in Nordland. In 1930 Norsk Hydro opened a plant at Her248。ya outside Porsgrunn. To begin with it was to function as a shipping port for the fertilizer as well as a point to import limestone. From 1936 Hydro also started producing fertilizer at Her248。ya. There was also opened a railway, Rjukanbanen, connecting Rjukan with H230。 r248。y. The railway opened in 1909 and consisted of a railway ferry across Tinnsj248。, railway again with Tinnosbanen and a barge ride from Bestad to Her248。ya with barge on the Telemark Canal. The canal was superseded by the railway line Bratsbergbanen in 1916. ? By the 1920s, Norsk Hydro39。s electric arcbased technology for manufacturing artificial fertilizer was no longer able to pete with the newly developed HaberBosch process, and in 1927 the pany formed a partnership with the German pany IG Farben in order to gain access to this process. By 1945, IG Farben had bee a majority shareholder in Norsk Hydro. The plant at Her248。ya was a direct result of no longer being dependent on immediate proximity to the power sources. This provided the advantage of being able to have the plants and the shipping port in the same location, as was the case with the Her248。ya plant. 挪威海德魯發(fā)展歷史 ? Heavy water production at Rjukan ? Heavy water sample made by Norsk Hydro ? The Rjukan plant was the only location in Europe which produced heavy water, a ponent the Allied powers in World War II feared would be used as part of the German atomic bomb project, and consequently was the target of several mando and air raids and a sabotage raid which eventually resulted in the plant39。s destruction and later reconstruction. (This story was portrayed in the Kirk Douglas movie The Heroes of Telemark.) ? The first metal ? The first steps towards light metal production came in 1940 when Hydro started construction of a magnesium carbonate plant at Her248。ya, but the German invasion of Norway stopped the plans. ? During the Second World War Norsk Hydro collaborated with IG Farben and Nordische Aluminium Aktiengesellschaft (Nordag) in building new aluminium and magnesium
教學課件相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號-1