中山大學(xué)國(guó)際商學(xué)院管理學(xué)chap02(編輯修改稿)
2025-03-04 00:22 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 物揀單，每個(gè)訂單需要不同貨物；你如何把這些貨物揀選出來(lái)，并按訂單分別堆放在指定位置？如果倉(cāng)庫(kù)選出來(lái)，并按訂單分別堆放在指定位置？如果倉(cāng)庫(kù)中有中有 10種貨物，而你手中有種貨物，而你手中有 100份訂單呢？份訂單呢？General Administrative Theory?Henri Fayol216。Believed that the practice of management was distinct from other anizational functions 216。Developed fourteen principles of management that applied to all anizational situations?Max Weber216。Developed a theory of authority based on an ideal type of anization (bureaucracy官僚行政組織官僚行政組織 )vEmphasized rationality, predictability, impersonality, technical petence, and authoritarianism169。 2023 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 2–20Exhibit 2–3 Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management1. Division of work.2. Authority.3. Discipline.4. Unity of mand.5. Unity of direction.6. Subordination of individual interests to the general interest.7. Remuneration.8. Centralization.9. Scalar chain.10. Order.11. Equity.12. Stability of tenure of personnel.13. Initiative.14. Esprit de corps.Exhibit 2–4 Weber’s Ideal Bureaucracy帕金森定律帕金森定律 Parkinson39。sLaw? 1958年，英國(guó)歷史學(xué)家、政治學(xué)家年，英國(guó)歷史學(xué)家、政治學(xué)家 帕金森帕金森 發(fā)現(xiàn)做同一件事所發(fā)現(xiàn)做同一件事所耗費(fèi)的時(shí)間差別非常大：一個(gè)人可以在耗費(fèi)的時(shí)間差別非常大：一個(gè)人可以在 10分鐘內(nèi)看完一份報(bào)分鐘內(nèi)看完一份報(bào)紙，也可以看半天；一個(gè)忙人紙，也可以看半天；一個(gè)忙人 20分鐘可以寄出一疊明信片，分鐘可以寄出一疊明信片，一個(gè)無(wú)所事事的老太太可以用一整天來(lái)寄一個(gè)無(wú)所事事的老太太可以用一整天來(lái)寄 1張明信片。張明信片。? 工作會(huì)自動(dòng)地膨脹，占滿一個(gè)人所有可用的時(shí)間；工作會(huì)自動(dòng)地膨脹，占滿一個(gè)人所有可用的時(shí)間； 如果時(shí)間如果時(shí)間充裕，他就會(huì)放慢節(jié)奏或是增添內(nèi)容以便用掉所有時(shí)間。充裕，他就會(huì)放慢節(jié)奏或是增添內(nèi)容以便用掉所有時(shí)間。? 結(jié)論：行政機(jī)構(gòu)會(huì)像金字塔一樣不斷膨脹，每個(gè)人都很忙，結(jié)論：行政機(jī)構(gòu)會(huì)像金字塔一樣不斷膨脹，每個(gè)人都很忙，但組織效率越來(lái)越低下。這條定律又被稱為但組織效率越來(lái)越低下。這條定律又被稱為 “金字塔金字塔 上升上升 ”現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象。象。古典管理理論古典管理理論 Classic management theory理性假設(shè)個(gè)體效率 組織效率一般管理科學(xué)管理科層制Understanding Organizational Behavior ?Organizational Behavior (OB)組織行為組織行為216。The study of the actions of people at work。 people are the most important asset of an anization?Early OB Advocates216。Robert Owen216。Hugo Munsterberg216。Mary Parker Follett216。Chester BarnardExhibit 2–6 Early Advocates of OB?A series of productivity experiments conducted at Western Electric from 1924 to 1932. Elton Mayo埃爾頓埃爾頓 .梅奧梅奧?Experimental findings216。Productivity unexpectedly increased under imposed adverse working conditions.216。The effect of incentive plans was less than expected.?Research conclusion216。Social norms, group standards and attitudes more strongly influence individual output and work behavior than do moary incentives.The Hawthorne Studies霍桑試驗(yàn)霍桑試驗(yàn)關(guān)系和非正式組織關(guān)系和非正式組織? 梅奧的重要發(fā)現(xiàn)：關(guān)系和非正式組織；梅奧的重要發(fā)現(xiàn)：關(guān)系和非正式組織；? 梅奧的著作：梅奧的著作： 《《 工業(yè)文明的人類問(wèn)題工業(yè)文明的人類問(wèn)題 》》 和和 《《 工業(yè)工業(yè)文明的社會(huì)問(wèn)題文明的社會(huì)問(wèn)題 》》 提出提出 “社會(huì)人社會(huì)人 ”假設(shè)，開(kāi)創(chuàng)了行假設(shè)，開(kāi)創(chuàng)了行為科學(xué)學(xué)派。為科學(xué)學(xué)派。169。 2023 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 2–27Organizational Behavior? 雙因素理論雙因素理論? 激勵(lì)理論激勵(lì)理論? XY理論理論? 需求層次理論需求層次理論? 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)行為理論領(lǐng)導(dǎo)行為理論The Systems Approach系統(tǒng)方法系統(tǒng)方法?System Defined216。A set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole.?Basic Types of Systems216。Closed systemsvAre not influenced by and do not interact with their environment (all system input and output is internal).216。Open systemsvDynamically interact to their environments by taking in inputs and transforming them into outputs that are distributed into their environments.Exhibit 2–7 The Organization as an Open SystemImplications of the Systems Approach?Coordination of the anization’s parts is essential for proper functioning of the entire anization.?Decisions and actions taken in one area of the anization wi
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