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h as i s on in n o v at i o n and flex i b i l i t y ? ? Broad j o b clas s es ? ? L o o s e w o rk pl an n i n g ? ? E x t ernal rec ru i t m en t ? ? T eam b as ed trai n i n g ? ? E m p h as i s on in d i v i d u al bas ed pay ? ? U s e of perfo rm an ce app rai s al as d ev el o p m en t al to o l Focu s ? ? Com b i n at i o n of cos t l ead er s h i p and d i f ferent i at i o n st rat eg y di rected at a p art i cu l ar st rat eg i c tar g et ? ? Com b i n at i o n of H R s t rat eg i es abo v e S our c e : C ommon or g a niz a tiona l c ha r a c te r ist ic s: P or te r , . ( 1980) . Compe tit ive stra te g y , 40 41. N e w Y or k: F r e e Pre ss. 自禦性與拓展性人力資源策略 S trat egic HR Area De fender S trat egy Pro spect or S trat egy W o rk flo w s ? ? E f fi ci en t pro d u ct i o n ? ? Con t ro l em p h as i s ? ? E x p l i ci t j o b des cri p t i o n s ? ? D et ai l ed w o rk pl an n i n g ? ? In n o v at i o n ? ? Flex i b i l i t y ? ? Broad j o b clas s es ? ? L o o s e w o rk pl an n i n g Staf fi n g ? ? In t ern al recrui t m en t ? ? H R d ep art m en t m ak es sel ect i o n deci s i o n ? ? E m p h as i s on tech n i cal qu al i fi cat i o n s and sk i l l s ? ? Form al hi ri n g and so ci al i zat i o n pro ces s ? ? E x t ern al recrui t m en t ? ? Sup erv i s o r m ak es sel ect i o n deci s i o n ? ? E m p h as i s on fit of app l i can t w i t h cul t u re ? ? In fo rm al hi ri n g and so ci al i zat i o n pro ce s s of n ew em p l o y ees E m p l o y ee s ep arat i o n s ? ? V o l u n t ary in d u cem en t s to leav e ? ? H i ri n g freez e ? ? Con t i n u i n g con cern for term i n at ed em p l o y ee ? ? Preferent i al rehi ri n g po l i cy ? ? L ay o f fs ? ? Recrui t as need ed ? ? In d i v i d u al on hi s / h er ow n ? ? N o preferen t i al treat m en t for lai d o f f w o rk er s Perform an ce ap p rai s al ? ? U n i fo rm app rai s al pro ced u res ? ? U s ed as con t ro l dev i ce ? ? N arro w focu s ? ? H i g h dep en d en ce on su p eri o r ? ? Cus t o m i zed app rai s al s ? ? U s ed as dev el o p m en t al to o l ? ? Mul t i p u rp o s e app rai s al s ? ? Mul t i p l e in p u t s for app rai s al s T