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er donor at Foch Hospital in 1960 Development of Immunosuppressive Drugs Marianne Mattlaer with “ Mana” , who received a kidney in 1960 with immunosuppression by azathioprine, with a litter tow years after the transplantation. Advent of Cyclosporine The primitive fungus from which cyclosporine is extracted (Tolypocladium inflatum) Sir Roy Calne Progress in Hemodialysis William J. Kolff, father of the artificial kidney and heart. The first artificial kidney designed by Kolff in 1945. Tissue Typing “ The centre effect” : Terasaki and statistics Organ Preservation Falkert O. Belzer. The first human kidney preserved on a perfusion machine prior to transplantation in August 1967. Organ Preservation Liver Transplantation Thomas Starzl in the operating room on March 1, 1963, performed the first liver transplantation, the recipient survived five hours after the transplantation. Oil painting by Sir Roy Calne (1990) represent a phase of liver transplantation coordinated by the entire surgical team. Pancreas and Intestinal Transplantation Richard Lillehei Heart and Lung Transplantation Denise Darvall, the first human heart” donor” Louis Washkansky, the heart recipient. December 3, 1967. Christiaan N. Barnard, cardiovascular surgeon at Capetown. Artificial Heart Heart and Lung Transplantation James D. Hardy’ s team, performed the first human lung transplantation on June 11, 1963, seven and a half months before they performed the first human heterolo