chap3相互依存性與貿(mào)易的好處](編輯修改稿)
2025-01-31 09:33 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 較低的成本生產(chǎn)土豆 生產(chǎn)成本的差異決定了： Differences in the costs of production determine the following: 18 生產(chǎn)成本的差異 Differences in Costs of Production ?生產(chǎn)一單位產(chǎn)品的時(shí)間數(shù)。 The number of hours required to produce a unit of output. 為了一種產(chǎn)品而放棄另一種產(chǎn)品的機(jī)會(huì)成本 。 The opportunity cost of sacrificing one good for another. 度量生產(chǎn)成本差異有兩種方法Two ways to measure differences in costs of production: 19 比較優(yōu)勢(shì) Comparative Advantage ?根據(jù)生產(chǎn)商的 機(jī)會(huì)成本 進(jìn)行比較。 Compares producers of a good according to their opportunity cost. ?機(jī)會(huì)成本較小的生產(chǎn)商生產(chǎn)該種產(chǎn)品時(shí)具有 比較優(yōu)勢(shì) 。 The producer who has the smaller opportunity cost of producing a good is said to have a parative advantage in producing that good. 20 專業(yè)化和貿(mào)易 Specialization and Trade ?誰在生產(chǎn)土豆上具有比較優(yōu)勢(shì)？ Who has the parative advantage in the production of fish? 農(nóng)民還是李逵 ? 21 比較優(yōu)勢(shì) Comparative Advantage ?農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)一磅土豆的機(jī)會(huì)成本是？，而李逵的機(jī)會(huì)成本卻是？ … ?農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)一磅牛肉的機(jī)會(huì)成本是？而李逵的機(jī)會(huì)成本是？ 22 *比較優(yōu)勢(shì)與貿(mào)易 Comparative Advantage and Trade ?在貿(mào)易的時(shí)候，為了使自己受益 …… ?誰出售魚而購買柴？誰出售柴而購買魚？交換比例是多少？ 23 比較優(yōu)勢(shì)原理 The Principle of Comparative Advantage ?比較優(yōu)勢(shì)和機(jī)會(huì)成本差異是專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)以及進(jìn)行貿(mào)易的基礎(chǔ)。 Comparative advantage and differences in opportunity costs are the basis for specialized production and trade. ?無論什么時(shí)候，只要潛在的貿(mào)易伙伴存在機(jī)會(huì)成本的差異，他們都能從貿(mào)易中獲益。 Whenever potential trading parties have differences in opportunity costs, they can each benefit from trade. 24 貿(mào)易的好處 Benefits of Trade 貿(mào)易能使社會(huì)中的每一位成員獲得好處，因?yàn)橘Q(mào)易允許人們從事他們具有比較優(yōu)勢(shì)的專業(yè)生產(chǎn)。 Trade can benefit everyone in a society because it allows people to specialize in activities in which they have a parative advantage. 25 亞當(dāng) ?斯密與貿(mào)易 Adam Smith and Trade 亞當(dāng) ?斯密 在 1776年《國富論》一書中對(duì)貿(mào)易與經(jīng)濟(jì)的相互依賴性做了詳盡的分析 ——經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們至今對(duì)此仍深信不疑。 In his 1776 book An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith performed a
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