【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 anization can no longer interact on equal terms, which hinders the search for different interpretations of new knowledge ? 當(dāng)不同信息存在時(shí)，組織成員將不再受相當(dāng)條件的制約，這些條件是阻止搜索新知識(shí)的不同解釋的 ? Kao does not limit access to information among employees. All pany information (with the exception of personnel data) is stored in a single integrated database, open to any employee regardless of position ? Kao在公司員工中不對(duì)信息訪問加以限制。公司的所有信息（個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)除外）都存放在一個(gè)獨(dú)立的完整數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中，并對(duì)公司的所有員工開放，而不論其職位 Knowledgecreating Roles（ 知識(shí)創(chuàng)造的角色） ? Creating new knowledge is the product of a dynamic interaction among three roles ? 創(chuàng)造新知識(shí)是三種角色動(dòng)態(tài)交互的結(jié)果 ? Frontline employees are often caught up in their own narrow perspective and lose sight of the broader context ? 前線員工常為他們自己的狹隘看法所迷惑，而失去對(duì)全局的把握 ? Senior managers articulate metaphors, symbols, and conceptual umbrella that orient the knowledgecreating activities of employees. They judge and test the value of new knowledge created and ask broad questions: ? 高級(jí)管理人員結(jié)合比喻、象征和概念傘，以確定員工知識(shí)創(chuàng)造的方向。他們判斷并檢驗(yàn)新知識(shí)創(chuàng)造的價(jià)值并提出更廣泛的問題： – What are we trying to learn?（ 我們將要學(xué)什么？） – What do we need to know?（ 我們需要知道什么 ?） Middle Managers and Teams (中層管理人員和團(tuán)隊(duì) ) ? Middle managers provide a conceptual framework that helps frontline employees to make sense of the chaotic market signals ? 中層管理人員提供一個(gè)概念框架，以幫助前線員工搞清混亂市場(chǎng)信息的意思。 ? Teams play a central role in knowledge creation as its members create diverse points of views and then integrate into a new collective perspective. ? 團(tuán)隊(duì)在知識(shí)創(chuàng)造過程中起了核心的作用，當(dāng)成員提出不同觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，它便綜合所有成一個(gè)新的綜合觀點(diǎn)。 ? [后續(xù) ] Middle Managers and Teams (中層管理人員和團(tuán)隊(duì) ) ? [續(xù)前 ] ? Team leaders are typically middle managers who synthesize the tacit knowledge of both frontline employees and senior executives, make it explicit, and incorporate it into new technologies and products ? 團(tuán)隊(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是典型的中層管理人員，他們綜合前線員工和高級(jí)管理人員的內(nèi)在知識(shí)，使其外在化，并將其融合入新產(chǎn)品和技術(shù)中。 ? They are the true knowledge engineers of the knowledgecreating pany ? 他們是知識(shí)創(chuàng)造型公司真正的“知識(shí)工程師”。 Implementing knowledge management (KM) 執(zhí)行知識(shí)管理 Implementing knowledge management (KM) 執(zhí)行知識(shí)管理 1) Knowledge management concepts（ 知識(shí)管理的概念） 2) Preparation for KM initiatives（ 知識(shí)管理的初始準(zhǔn)備 ） 3) Knowledge management strategy（ 知識(shí)管理戰(zhàn)略） 4) Elements of KM practice（ 知識(shí)管理實(shí)踐的基礎(chǔ)） 5) KM technologies（ 知識(shí)管理技術(shù)） 6) Case studies （ 示例學(xué)習(xí)） Knowledge Management Concepts （ 知識(shí)管理的概念） Organizational learning Creation of new standard operating procedures and business processes that reflects anizations’ experiences 組織學(xué)習(xí)－建立反映組織經(jīng)歷的新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化運(yùn)作程序和商業(yè)過程 Knowledge management The set of processes developed in an anization to creates, gathers, stores, maintains, and disseminates knowledge 知識(shí)管理－在組織中發(fā)展的商業(yè)程序是為了建立、聚集、存儲(chǔ)、維護(hù)和傳播知識(shí) [后續(xù) ] Knowledge Management Concepts （ 知識(shí)管理的概念） [續(xù)前 ] Best Practices Successful solutions or problemsolving methods developed by specific anization or industry 最好的實(shí)踐－由專門的組織或行業(yè)提出的成功解答或解決問題的方法 Organizational Memory Stored learning from anization’s history that can be used for decision making and other purposes 組織存儲(chǔ)－存儲(chǔ)從組織歷史中獲取的知識(shí)，對(duì)決策制定和其他活動(dòng)都是有用的 Preparation Steps for KM Initiatives 知識(shí)管理初始準(zhǔn)備的步驟 1) Appoint a chief knowledge officer and create a KM strategy that is linked to corporate strategic objectives. 任命一個(gè)首席知識(shí)官員并建立一個(gè)知識(shí)管理戰(zhàn)略是與公司戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)相關(guān)的 2) Deploy KM technological infrastructure to enable the process of creating, sharing and disseminating knowledge. 配置知識(shí)管理技術(shù)的下部組織能夠建立、共享和傳播知識(shí) 3) Strengthen top management mitment by showing them successful KM practice in other panies. 通過展現(xiàn)其他公司成功的知識(shí)管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)加強(qiáng)高層管理 4) Develop a culture and reward system of trust and learning to foster collaboration and innovation. Make employees feel fortable sharing knowledge 建立信任的文化氛圍及回報(bào)系統(tǒng)，培養(yǎng)協(xié)作和創(chuàng)新。使員工感覺到知識(shí)共享的好處。 Knowledge Management Strategy 知識(shí)管理戰(zhàn)略 ? Driven by pany39。s petitive strategy ? 由公司競(jìng)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略驅(qū)動(dòng) – How it creates value for customers（ 怎樣為顧客創(chuàng)造價(jià)值） – How that value supports an economic model（ 價(jià)值如何支持經(jīng)濟(jì)模型） – How the pany?s people deliver on the value and the economics （ 公司的人們?nèi)绾螌?shí)現(xiàn)價(jià)值） ? Some panies automate knowledge management (Codification) ? 一些公司實(shí)行自動(dòng)知識(shí)管理 ? Others rely on their people to share knowledge through more traditional means (Personalization) ? 另一些公司通過傳統(tǒng)方式，依靠他們的員工共享知識(shí) Different Knowledge Management Strategies 不同的知識(shí)管理戰(zhàn)略 ? Codification can be the main emphasis for more structured tasks. This requires prehensive electronic repository of “knowledge objects” to facilitate reuse of explicit knowledge. Examples – Anderson Consulting and Ernst Young for technology and ERP implementation. ? 成文化主要強(qiáng)調(diào)將任務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu)化。這要求全面的“知識(shí)對(duì)象”電子知識(shí)庫(kù)，以方便的重復(fù)使用外在知識(shí)。如－ Anderson Consulting、 Ernst Young for technology 和 執(zhí)行 ERP ? Personalization can be the main emphasis for less structured tasks. This requires intensive persontoperson contacts, s, videoconferences, etc. to facilitate exchange of tacit knowledge. Examples McKinsey, BCG, and Bain for customized corporate strategy consulting. ? 人性化主要強(qiáng)調(diào)任務(wù)的非結(jié)構(gòu)性。這要求加強(qiáng)人與人的交流、電子郵件和視頻會(huì)議等，以方便內(nèi)在知識(shí)的交換。如－ McKinsey、 BCG和 Bain for customized corporate strategy consulting. Codification（ 成文化） ? Knowledge is extracted from the person who developed it, made independent of that person, and reused for various purposes ? 知識(shí)從提出者處獲取，并獨(dú)立于提出者，重復(fù)使用于不同的目的 Codification – Ernst Young （ 成文化 – Ernst Young ） ? Ernst Young executives have invested a lot to make sure that the codification process works efficiently ? Ernst Young的決策者進(jìn)行了大量投資以保證成文化運(yùn)作有效進(jìn)行 ? The 250 people at the Center for Business Knowledge manage the electronic repository and help consultants find and use information ? 商業(yè)知識(shí)中心有 250名員工，他們管理電子知識(shí)庫(kù)以幫助顧問尋找和使用信息 ? Specialists write reports and analyses that many teams can use ? 專家撰寫報(bào)告并分析可使用的 ? [后續(xù) ] Codification – Ernst Young （ 成文化 – Ernst Yo