語(yǔ)言學(xué)期末復(fù)習(xí)資料一(編輯修改稿)
2024-10-22 20:10 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 d sources are the only kind of messages that can be sent through the bee dance。 bees do not “talk” about themselves, the hives, or wind, let alone about people, animals, hopes or desires ? of duality the speaker is able to bine the basic linguistic units to form an infinite set of sentences,most of which are never before produced or heard. ? has the potential to create endless example: ? He brought a book which was written by a teacher who taught in a school which was known for its graduates who…….. Displacement Language can be used to refer to things, which are not present: real or imagined matters in the past, present or future, or in faraway places. ? A gibbon never utters a call about something he ate last year. ? There is something special about the bee dance though. Bees municate with other bees about the food sources they have found when they are no longer in the presence of the food. In this sense, the bee dance has a ponent of displacement. But this ponent is very insignificant. For the bees must municate about the food immediately on returning to the hive. They do not dance about the food they discovered last month nor do they speculate about future discoveries. Cultural transmission Language is culturally transmitted (through teaching and learning。 rather than by instinct). ? Animal call systems are geically transmitted. All cats, gibbons and bees have systems which are almost identical to those of all other cats, gibbons and bees. ? A Chinese speaker and an English speaker are not mutually intelligible. This shows that language is culturally transmitted. That is, it is pass on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning, rather than by instinct. ? The story of a wolf child, a pig child shows that a human being brought up in isolation simply does not acquire human language. 2. What is linguistics? Linguistics is the scientific study of language. A person who studies linguistics is known as a linguist. The process of linguistic study ? linguistic facts observed。 ? generalizations made about the linguistic facts。 ? hypothesis formulated to account for the linguistic facts。 ? the hypothesis tested by further observations。 ? linguistic theories of language constructed. ? The scope of linguistics: ? phoics語(yǔ)音學(xué) ? Phonology音系學(xué) ? morphology 形態(tài)學(xué)，詞法 ? syntax 句法學(xué) ? semantics語(yǔ)義學(xué) ? pragmatics 語(yǔ)用學(xué) ? historical linguistics 歷史語(yǔ)言學(xué) phoics ? the study of how speech sounds are produced and classified ? Phoics studies the characteristics of speech sounds and p
黨政相關(guān)相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1