語言學(xué)總復(fù)習(xí)(編輯修改稿)
2024-09-12 00:15 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 homsky’s Tree Diagram analysis ? ? 4. Endocentric and Exocentric constructions:向心結(jié)構(gòu)和離心結(jié)構(gòu) P78 Endocentric Construction: is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents. A word or a group of words serves as a definable “center.” ?某一成分決定了整體短語的性質(zhì) ? two pretty girls ? Exocentric Construction: opposite of endocentric construction, refers to a group of syntactically related words where none of the words is functionally equivalent to the group as a whole。 there is no definable centre or head inside the group. 整體短語中的成分無法決定整體短語的性質(zhì) 。 ? It includes basic sentence, PP, (V+O) construction, and connective construction (be+plement). Concord : also known as Agreement, the form of two or more words in a syntactic relationship should agree with each other in terms of some categories. ?There is a book on the shelf. ?There are some books on the shelf. ?We are studying English. ?He studies English. 5. Meaning ?1. What is semantics? ?2. What is referential theory? ?3. What is ideational theory? ?4. What is the Semantic Triangle? ?5. How many kinds of meaning did Leech find and study? ?6. What is sense relation? ?7. What is entailment? What is presupposition？ 8. What is ponential analysis? ?Semantics: is generally considered to be the study of meaning in language. ?The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the referential theory. ? Frege 為彌補指稱論之不足，提出了觀念論，認為語言符號和符號所指對象之間不存在直接的指稱關(guān)系，它是經(jīng)過涵義（ Sense）這一過渡層面使得語言與所指對象發(fā)生聯(lián)系的，意義不僅僅在于與所指對象之間的關(guān)系，也包括詞語本身的涵義。 Ideational Theory 觀念論 ? Ogden amp。 Richards(1923): Semantic Triangle (Triangle of Significance) P36 ? Concept(Sense) 概念（涵義） ? word (symbol) thing (referent) 符號形式 指稱對象 ? G . Leech recognizes 7 types of meaning in his Semantics. ? 1. Conceptual meaning 概念意義 ? 2. Connotative meaning 內(nèi)涵意義 ? 3. Social meaning 社會意義 ? 4. Affective meaning 感情意義 ? 5. Reflected meaning 反射意義 ? 6. Collocative meaning 搭配意義 ? 7. Thematic meaning 主題意義 Sense relation: A word which is related to other words in sense within a language system itself. 詞與詞之間不同的涵義關(guān)系 Polysemy Homonymy Sense Relation Synonymy Antonymy Hyponymy 1. Polysemy (一詞多義 ) ： is the mon feature peculiar to all natural languages. 2. Homonymy: The words different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling. Perfect homonym Homonymy Homographs Homophones 3 . Syno nymy （ 同義關(guān)系 ） : wo rd s different in sound and spelling but nearly alike or exactly the same in meaning. 4. Antonymy （反義關(guān)系） : as words which are opposite in meaning. Complementaries Types of antonyms Contraries Converses V. Hyponymy （ 上下義關(guān)系 ） : dea
范文總結(jié)相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號-1