【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 e was sitting near (to) me. close to She was sitting nearer to/ nearest to /next to me. closer to/ closest to Her house is opposite (to) mine. [facing] (6)空間： around。 round。 about。 around和 round指圍繞的位置或物體的運動。 We were sitting around /round the campfire. The spaceship is traveling around/ round the globe. about和 around“在某一范圍里”或“在 … 里面的不同部位”。 The guests were standing about/around the room. There are very few taxis about/around here. 相對位置還可由通常表示“通過”或“路線”的介詞表達： The tree lay across the road. The road runs through the tunnel. (7)空間 : between。 among。 between將某一物體的位置與特定的或單一的某組分離物體聯(lián)系起來 。among將非分離的物體聯(lián)系起來 . The house stands between two farms. The house stands among farms. (8)相對的目的地 :over。 under。 behind。(沒有通過的意義 ) He threw a blanket over her. The bush was the only conceivable hiding place, so I dashed behind it. When it started to rain, we all went underneath the trees. (9)通過意義 :over。 under。 behind. 這類介詞與移動動詞連用 ,既表示目的地等概念 ,又可表示通過 (即向某處移動 ,然后離開 )的概念 . He jumped over a ditch(渠道 ). Someone ran behind the goalposts. (10)通過 : across。 through。 past。 on the grass across the grass in the grass through the grass (11)定向路線移動 : up。 down。 along。 across。 around。 towards。 We walked up the hill and down the other side. 但在習慣用法中 , up和 down也用于指水平軸線 ,相當于along沿著的意思 . I walked up and down the platform. She walked up/down the street. along表示“從一端向另一端 (from one end towards the other)”或“在一條與 … 平行的線上（ in a line parallel with）” We walked along the street, just looking at people. I took my dog for a walk along the river. along與 across在水平軸線上相對立 Be careful when you walk across a street. around表示定向路線有拐角或弧度 They ran around the corner. towards表示“朝向 … 方向”（ in the direction of）的“實際的”或“隱含的”兩種意義 We walked towards the old farmhouse. The windows faces towards the south. Is this the bus to Oxford? She glanced over her shoulder. He spoke into the microphone. (12)方位： beyond。 over。 past。 up。 across。 beyond主要指方位 over。 past。 up。 across和 through即表示方位，又和線、面、容積概念相結合 The village is past the bus stop./through the wood. up。 down。 along。 around在下例中用來指軸線的方位 Her office is up the stairs / down the stairs. We live just around the corner. He lives up/ down/ along/ across the road the road from me. from me表示方位點。 (13)結果含義： from。 out of 。 over。 past。 [已經(jīng)到達目的地的狀態(tài) ] The horse jumped over the fence. The horse are over the fence. 這些詞可以和副詞 already。 just。 at last。 not yet等連用表示結果 。 At last we are out of the forest. When you’re past the next obstacle, you can relax. (14)遍及意義： over。 through。 with over和 through具有遍及的意義，尤其是當他們與 all連用時 ： That child was running all over the flower borders. throughout的含義是 all through,唯有這個介詞主要表示“遍及” The epidemic(流行病 ) has spread throughout the country. all along。 all around。 也用來表示遍及 There were crowds all along the route. They put flowers all around the country. with在下列詞組中也表示具有遍及的意義 The ground was covered with snow. The garden was buzzing with bees. surrounded with。 loaded with。 paved with等 。 （ 15） over的 8種含義： 位置： A lamp hung over the door. 目的地 : They threw a blanket over her. 通過： They climbed over the wall. 方位： They live over the road. 結果： At last we were over the crest of the hill. 遍及（靜態(tài)）： Leaves lay thick all over the ground. 遍及（移動）： They splashed(潑 ) water over me. 伴隨情況： We discussed it over a glass of wine. (16)地點介詞的比喻用法或抽象用法 (難點、重點 ) in shallow water in deep water in difficulties in a tough spot A)位置 狀態(tài) to be in /out of danger to keep out of trouble to be in/out of office to be out of a job to be in difficulties B)包含存在 … 之內(nèi) 抽象的包含 in books/plays in/out of race in a group/party C) into/out of目的地 抽象的情況或環(huán)境 He got into difficulties/ trouble/debt/ a fight. Can you get me out of this mess? D) in/on位置 成員資格，參與 in the army on the board/ mittee/ project E) above/ below/ beneath垂直方向