【正文】 on the strength of。 in relation to。 onto。 at the end of road。 容積： in a box。 out of。 above X over X in front of X on top of X behind X X before X under X after X below X beneath X（使用頻率較底） underneath X（使用頻率較底） over和 under往往指恰好垂直的關(guān)系，或有空間上接近 的含義，而 above和 below可能僅僅表示“高于（或低 于） … 的水平上”的含義 。 round。 under。 down。 up。 around在下例中用來指軸線的方位 Her office is up the stairs / down the stairs. We live just around the corner. He lives up/ down/ along/ across the road the road from me. from me表示方位點(diǎn)。 not yet等連用表示結(jié)果 。 （ 15） over的 8種含義： 位置： A lamp hung over the door. 目的地 : They threw a blanket over her. 通過： They climbed over the wall. 方位： They live over the road. 結(jié)果： At last we were over the crest of the hill. 遍及（靜態(tài)）： Leaves lay thick all over the ground. 遍及（移動(dòng)）： They splashed(潑 ) water over me. 伴隨情況： We discussed it over a glass of wine. (16)地點(diǎn)介詞的比喻用法或抽象用法 (難點(diǎn)、重點(diǎn) ) in shallow water in deep water in difficulties in a tough spot A)位置 狀態(tài) to be in /out of danger to keep out of trouble to be in/out of office to be out of a job to be in difficulties B)包含存在 … 之內(nèi) 抽象的包含 in books/plays in/out of race in a group/party C) into/out of目的地 抽象的情況或環(huán)境 He got into difficulties/ trouble/debt/ a fight. Can you get me out of this mess? D) in/on位置 成員資格，參與 in the army on the board/ mittee/ project E) above/ below/ beneath垂直方向 抽象的水平 to be above /below someone on a list above/ below [beneath*] one’s ine Such behavior is beneath [below*] him. He’s above [over*]such behaviour. above the average above suspicion F) under垂直方向 遭受，從屬，過程 under discussion under orders He has a hundred people working under him. The bridge is under construction. G) up/down在垂直軸線上移動(dòng) 名次或度數(shù)，等級(jí)上變 動(dòng)位置 climb up/down the social ladder H) from/to出發(fā)點(diǎn) /目的地 始發(fā)者 /接受者 a letter from A to B I) beyond/ past/ over結(jié)果含義，有形的 抽象的 beyond belief/ endurance/ hope/ recovery past We are over the worst. J) between/among 相對(duì)位置 參與者之間的抽象關(guān)系 a fight /match between X and Y We quarrel agree among ourselves. relationship/contrast between two things K) through通過 堅(jiān)忍不拔，忍耐 She came through the ordeal.(苦難經(jīng)歷，折磨 ) We put him through his paces. We are through the worst. ： (1)時(shí)間位置 :at。 at Christmas指整個(gè)圣誕節(jié) ,而不是只指那一天 at the /that time。 in summer。 in the early morning。 She spoke during the meeting. During our stay in Japan we met several old friends. our visit to C) I have done that for years. [內(nèi)包時(shí)間 ] I haven’t done that for years.[時(shí)間之外的動(dòng)作 ] D) over, all through, throughout具有持續(xù)時(shí)間的含義，和他們表示地點(diǎn)的遍及含義對(duì)應(yīng) We camped there over the holiday/over the weekend/ over night. We camped there throughout the summer. (4)持續(xù)： from…to…。 for 表示持續(xù)的一段時(shí)間 。 for。 She made her daughter a beautiful doll. He cooked her a dinner. B) to在句子中表示“實(shí)際接受者”。 Life is like a dream. Bill writes poetry like his brother. [in a manner resembling that of his brother] Like his brother, Bill writes poetry.[相似 ] Bill writes poetry, like his brother.[相似 ] She spoke like a lawyer. [in a manner resembling ] She spoke as a lawyer.[以實(shí)際的身份和地位 ] She spoke as a lawyer does. [in that manner] (2)手段和工具 。 She ran at me.[表示敵意 ] She ran to me.[表示向某一目標(biāo)的移動(dòng) ] 類似的有： point at/to。 from。by。 up to。這里 in 的意義： at the end of three months starting from now] b) We met three months ago.[從現(xiàn)在起回溯到過去某一點(diǎn)之間的時(shí)間段 ] c)要從過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間向前衡量時(shí)，只有下面的結(jié)構(gòu)才是正確的： He finished the job in three months. [in the space of three months from when he started] (3) 持續(xù)： for。 in 2020。 at night。 in。 through。 out of 。 beyond主要指方位 over。 across。(沒有通過的意義 ) He threw a blanket over her. The bush was the only conceivable hiding place, so I dashed behind it. When it started to rain, we all went underneath the trees. (9)通過意義 :over。 around和 round指