【正文】 with。 throw at/ to。 He went to London. He left for London. Is this the train to London? Is this the train for London? (3)接受者 /目的 /目標(biāo) for/ to/ at A)當(dāng) for的后面接表示人或動(dòng)物的名詞短語時(shí)，多半帶有“預(yù)定接受者”的意味 He laid a trap for his enemies. She made a beautiful doll for her daughter. He cooked a dinner for her. 這種預(yù)定接受者常常相當(dāng)于一個(gè)間接賓語。 We have to drive slowly because of the heavy rain. On account of his wide experience, he was made chairman. The survivors were weak from exposure and lack of food. Some support charities out of duty, some out of a sense of guilt. I hid the money, for fear of what my parents would say. The plane was destroyed through the pilot’s carelessness. A) on account of。 on account of 。 A) between…and… 表示在由起點(diǎn)和終點(diǎn)指明的一段時(shí) 間中 , 但是與 from…to… 不同 ,它并不表示動(dòng)詞在整個(gè) 這一段時(shí)間的延續(xù) We’ll probably arrive some time between 5and 6 o’clock. I’ll phone you between lunch and dinner. B) between還用來表示重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的相同事物之間的間隔 between meals/dances/acts/classes C) by表示一件事情出現(xiàn)結(jié)果的那一點(diǎn)時(shí)間 ,即表示終點(diǎn)。 She didn’t arrived there till Christmas. F) till/until與肯定謂體連用，表示時(shí)間的終點(diǎn)；與否定的謂體連用，表示時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)： We slept until midnight. [We stopped sleeping then.] We didn’t sleep until midnight.[ We started sleeping then.] (5) before, after, since, till, until既作介詞又作連詞 ,他們作介詞時(shí) ,全是指時(shí)間的介詞 ,后面接 :時(shí)間名詞短語[after next week], 無主語 ing分句 [since leaving school], 或接從動(dòng)詞派生來的名詞短語或視為相當(dāng)于分句的其他的名詞短語 [since electricity]。 We camped there from June to/till September. A)如果沒有 from, 就只可以用 until, till, up to(但 是不 能僅用 to). We camped there until/ till/ up to/through/to* September. B) to和 till可以替換 You can stay to /till the end of September. There are a few days to/till September. C) from, up to都表示一段時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)和終點(diǎn)。 A) A: How did you camp(野營 ) in Scotland? B: We camped there for the summer. [all through, from the beginning to the end of the summer] (for the summer整個(gè)一個(gè)夏天 ) A: When did you camp in Scotland? B: We camped there in the summer. [at some time during the summer] B) We managed to stay awake during the whole meeting. 這里如果沒有 stay, whole這兩個(gè)詞， during 指的是持續(xù)的時(shí)間范圍以內(nèi)的一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段，而不是指持續(xù)的時(shí)間本身。 during。 in the late afternoon。 in the months that followed。 c) in或 during表示比一天更長或更短的一段時(shí)間 in the evening。 B) on用來指當(dāng)作時(shí)間段看待的一天 on Monday。 at the weekend。 by。 paved with等 。 with over和 through具有遍及的意義，尤其是當(dāng)他們與 all連用時(shí) ： That child was running all over the flower borders. throughout的含義是 all through,唯有這個(gè)介詞主要表示“遍及” The epidemic(流行病 ) has spread throughout the country. all along。 at last。 over。 along。 past。 past。 around。 on the grass across the grass in the grass through the grass (11)定向路線移動(dòng) : up。 under。among將非分離的物體聯(lián)系起來 . The house stands between two farms. The house stands among farms. (8)相對(duì)的目的地 :over。 We were sitting around /round the campfire. The spaceship is traveling around/ round the globe. about和 around“在某一范圍里”或“在 … 里面的不同部位”。 He was standing by/beside the door. [at the side of] He was killed by an inch. I left the keys with my wallet. [in the same place] Beside Mary there stood a young man.[ at the side of] Besides Mary there were several other students inn the hall.[ in addition to] She is intelligent. Besides, she is goodlooking. [adv. in addition to] She was sitting near (to) me. close to She was sitting nearer to/ nearest to /next to me. closer to/ closest to Her house is opposite (to) mine. [facing] (6)空間： around。 with。 below。 on top of。 off。 on(面 )和 in（面積）作一比較，根據(jù)上下文，兩者可以有各種不同的含義： The frost made patterns on the window. A face appeared in the window/mirror. The players were practicing on the field. Cows were gazing in the field. She was sitting on the grass/ in the grass. in用于較大的地方： in Asia。 in a park。 on the ceiling。 at the North Pole。 A)地點(diǎn)介詞短語作狀語 (將事件或事態(tài)與某一場所聯(lián)系起來 )或作后置修飾語 (將其物與某一場所聯(lián)系起來 )。 on。 with the exception of。 in addition to。 at the hands of。 on the part of。 on behalf of。 in contact with。 in view of。 in favor of。 in (the) face of 。 ： （ 1）兩個(gè)詞 ： 副詞 /形容詞 /連詞 +介詞 as for, except for, but for apart from, away from, aside from, as from, ahead of, back of, because of, instead of, out of, o