【正文】 孚來高考英語培訓學校 09年高考英語總復習 語法篇 介詞和介詞短語 Email: 介詞和介詞短語 Ⅰ .介詞短語的結構 Ⅱ .介詞短語的功能 Ⅲ .介詞、連接詞和副詞 Ⅳ .簡單介詞和復雜介詞 Ⅴ .介詞的含義（重點） Ⅰ .介詞短語結構： （前置修飾語 +）介詞 +介詞補足語 on the table from what he said by signing a peace treaty in terms of money He worked deep into the night last night. Ⅱ .介詞短語的功能 The people on the bus were singing. The people were singing on the bus. In the afternoon, we went to Boston. From a personal point of view, I find this a good solution to the problem. In all fairness, she did try to phone the police. On the other hand, he made no attempt to help her. We were looking at his awful paintings. I’m sorry for his parents. 說明： ①介詞短語有時候可以做主語 A: When are we going to have the next meeting? B: On Tuesday will be fine. In March suits me. During the vacation is what we decided Between 6 and 7 may be convenient. (The proposal that we meet) on Tuesday… (To meet) in March… (Meeting) during the vacation… ② 作補語（表語）用的準形容詞功能 This machine is (very) out of date. This dress seems out of fashion. 因此可以與形容詞短語并列或同位 They are happy and in good health. an old and out of date telephone 作其他連系動詞的補語 They seem in good health. ③ 在特殊的情形中（主要在固定短語中），副詞或形容詞可以發(fā)揮介詞補足語的功能。 at last, at least, at once, at worst, before long, by far, in brief, in there, since when, until now…. ④ 介詞短語本身可以作介詞的補足語，所以兩個介詞可以連續(xù)出現(xiàn) He picked up the gun from under the table. We didn’t meet until after the show. The weather has been fine except in the north. Food has been scarce since before the war. ⑤ 介詞作動詞和形容詞的補足語時，它和前面的詞（如look, sorry）的關系比它和后面的補足語關系更密切，介詞的選擇是由它前面的詞決定的。 Ⅲ .介詞、從屬連詞和副詞 1. 介詞和連詞都具有關聯(lián)或連接功能，比較 ： the day when she arrived of her arrival 注：①辨別兩種詞類的一個標準是：介詞引導的是名詞 性或名詞化補足語，而與之相對的從屬連詞引導 一個從屬分句（從句）。 ②在某些情況下，同一詞項既可以作介詞又可以 作連詞，如 after, as, before, since, until. ③ 如果是非謂語動詞，情況就比較復雜，因為在英語 中 ing分句可以用在介詞的后面。 On arriving she took a taxi. ④ 思考下列三個詞是什么詞性： when, after, by? She looked up the hill. (1) She walked across the street. (2) She looked up the word. (3) She walked across. (4) ① 在下列句子中，介詞和副詞的區(qū)別并不明顯： He is near to being mad. This seems next to impossible. Close to 200 people came. She is far from being weak. ② 簡單介詞 near和復雜介詞 near to和 close to： near to和 close to與形容詞有同源關系，他們是僅有的 既有比較級又可加強調成分的介詞： She sat very near to quite close to much nearer to me. much closer to next to closest to ③ She is about forty. She is (about) forty. She is about roughly forty. approximately (1)Has the room been paid for? He was not paid attention to. He’s impossible to work with. He’s worth listening to. (2)Wh 分句和關系分句（定語從句） At which house did you leave the car? Which house did you leave the car at? Where did you leave the car?（通常情況） The old house about which I was telling you is (which) I was telling you about empty. Ⅳ .簡單介詞和復雜介詞 ： as, at, but, by, down, for, from, in, like, of, off, on, out, past, per, round, since, than, through, till, to, up, with, about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, before, below, behind, beneath, beside, besides, between, beyond, despite, during, except, inside, into, onto, opposite, outside, over, unlike, until, upon, within, without。 ： （ 1）兩個詞 ： 副詞 /形容詞 /連詞 +介詞 as for, except for, but for apart from, away from, aside from, as from, ahead of, back of, because of, instead of, out of, outside of, regardless of, according to, as to, close to, contrary to, due to, near (er) t