【正文】 She gave a beautiful doll to her daughter. I gave the book to my friend. ~ I gave my friend the book. I lent the book to my friend. ~ I lent my friend the book. C)在 aim at/ shoot at/ kick at短語中， at表示預(yù)定目的或目標(biāo) After aiming carefully at the bird, he missed it pletely. She smiled at me. 注意： He shot at the bird. He shot the bird.[達到目的或完成了某個行動 ] 其他動詞如果要強調(diào)達到的目的，就必須用 to。 before和 after表示兩個時間或兩個事件的關(guān)系 ,這兩個詞的詞義相反 : The meeting will take place after the ceremony. The ceremony will take place before the meeting. (6) between…and…。 e)指夜晚的一段時間時 ,用 in I woke up several times in the night. At night, I usually have the window open. [during the night] (2)將來時間的衡量： in 注意和副詞 ago的區(qū)分 a) We’ll meet in three months’ time./in three months from now. [in表示從現(xiàn)在起展望到將來與上述相同的一段時間。 at breakfast time。 At last we are out of the forest. When you’re past the next obstacle, you can relax. (14)遍及意義： over。 across。 behind。 (5)空間： by。 in the bathroom。 in。 其他類型： as far as。 in respect of。 孚來高考英語培訓(xùn)學(xué)校 09年高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 語法篇 介詞和介詞短語 Email: 介詞和介詞短語 Ⅰ .介詞短語的結(jié)構(gòu) Ⅱ .介詞短語的功能 Ⅲ .介詞、連接詞和副詞 Ⅳ .簡單介詞和復(fù)雜介詞 Ⅴ .介詞的含義（重點） Ⅰ .介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)： （前置修飾語 +）介詞 +介詞補足語 on the table from what he said by signing a peace treaty in terms of money He worked deep into the night last night. Ⅱ .介詞短語的功能 The people on the bus were singing. The people were singing on the bus. In the afternoon, we went to Boston. From a personal point of view, I find this a good solution to the problem. In all fairness, she did try to phone the police. On the other hand, he made no attempt to help her. We were looking at his awful paintings. I’m sorry for his parents. 說明： ①介詞短語有時候可以做主語 A: When are we going to have the next meeting? B: On Tuesday will be fine. In March suits me. During the vacation is what we decided Between 6 and 7 may be convenient. (The proposal that we meet) on Tuesday… (To meet) in March… (Meeting) during the vacation… ② 作補語（表語）用的準(zhǔn)形容詞功能 This machine is (very) out of date. This dress seems out of fashion. 因此可以與形容詞短語并列或同位 They are happy and in good health. an old and out of date telephone 作其他連系動詞的補語 They seem in good health. ③ 在特殊的情形中（主要在固定短語中），副詞或形容詞可以發(fā)揮介詞補足語的功能。 in spite of。 at the expense of。 into。 in the drawer。 beside。(沒有通過的意義 ) He threw a blanket over her. The bush was the only conceivable hiding place, so I dashed behind it. When it started to rain, we all went underneath the trees. (9)通過意義 :over。 beyond主要指方位 over。 through。 at night。這里 in 的意義： at the end of three months starting from now] b) We met three months ago.[從現(xiàn)在起回溯到過去某一點之間的時間段 ] c)要從過去某一點時間向前衡量時，只有下面的結(jié)構(gòu)才是正確的： He finished the job in three months. [in the space of three months from when he started] (3) 持續(xù)： for。by。 She ran at me.[表示敵意 ] She ran to me.[表示向某一目標(biāo)的移動 ] 類似的有： point at/to。 She made her daughter a beautiful doll. He cooked her a dinner. B) to在句子中表示“實際接受者”。 for 表示持續(xù)的一段時間 。 in the early morning。 at Christmas指整個圣誕節(jié) ,而不是只指那一天 at the /that time。 not yet等連用表示結(jié)果 。 up。 under。 above X over X in front of X on top of X behind X X before X under X after X below X beneath X（使用頻率較底） underneath X（使用頻率較底） over和 under往往指恰好垂直的關(guān)系，或有空間上接近 的含義，而 above和 below可能僅僅表示“高于（或低 于） … 的水平上”的含義 。 容積： in a box。 onto。 on the strength of。 in the light of。 at last, at least, at once, at worst, before long, by far, in brief, in there, since when, until now…. ④ 介詞短語本身可以作介詞的補足語，所以兩個介詞可以連續(xù)出現(xiàn) He picked up the gun from under the table. We didn’t meet until after the show. The weather has been fine except in the north. Food has been scarce since before the war. ⑤ 介詞作動詞和形容詞的補足語時，它和前面的詞（如look, sorry）的關(guān)系比它和后面的補足語關(guān)系更密切，介詞的選擇是由它前面的詞決定的。 in view of。 at the hands of。 A)地點介詞短語作狀語 (將事件或事態(tài)與某一場所聯(lián)系起來 )或作后置修飾語 (將其物與某一場所聯(lián)系起來 )。 on(面 )和 in（面積）作一比較，根據(jù)上下文，兩者可以有各