【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 at hypocrisy which tries to conceal itself under a mask of morality. In the evolution of the plots of his novels, he invariably puts such characters in position which tear away their mask. He displays almost savage pleasure in making them ridiculous.Joseph AndrewsCommentsFielding’s best work: Amelia is the story of a good life in contrast with an unworthy husbandDescriptionJoseph Andrews, was inspired by the success of Richardson’s novel Pamela, and began as a burlesque of the false sentimentality and the conventional virtues of Richardson’s heroine(PamelaRichardsonRichardson, who has no humor, who minces words, and moralizes, and dotes on the sentimental woes of his heroinesFieldingFielding is direct, vigorous, hilarious, and coarse to the point of vulgarity. He is full of animal spirits, and he tells the story of a vagabond life, not for the sake of moralizing, like Defoe, but simply because it interests him and his only concerns is “to laugh men out of their follies.”So his story, though it abounds in unpleasant incidents, generally leaves the reader with the strong impression of reality.Jonathan SwiftThe eighteenth century in English literature is an age of prose, but because the poetry is very bad but because the prose is very good. Writer’s positionThe supreme master in the first part of the century, the name of Jonathan Swift is one of the very greatest names in English literatureGulliver’s Travels’ positionThe book is a classic and devastating satire on the human race.Gulliver’s Travels’ powerThe secret of the power is that there is no visible sign of anger, nor raising the voice。 the tone is cold, restrained, ironic, varied only by some flashed of fooling when Swifts sense of the ridiculous gets the better of him.General descriptionThe plot of the book prises the extraordinary adventure of Doctor Lemuel Gulliver, description of fantastic lands visited by him, their socials systems, ways and customs of their inhabitantsHouhnhnmsHorse are the real people and human beings, Yahoos, are their filthy servant, has a savage power unequalled in English literature or any literatureLilliputiansGulliver is a giant among them, and with the giants among whom Gulliver is a pygmyThe Tale of a TubSatire on the various churches and religion of the dayThe Romantic PeriodBackgroundIndustrial Revolution and French Revolution had a strong influence in Britain literature. Fighting for “Liberty, Equality and Fraternity” also bees British national spirit.Edmund BurkeReflections on the Revolution in FranceAn antirevolutionary manifesto for all reactionaries in Europe. “He pitied the plumage and forgot the dying bird.” as Thomas Paine said.Thomas PaineThe Rights of ManPolitics is the business of the whole mass of mon people and not only of a governing oligarchy. People would not like a government that failed to secure people “l(fā)ife, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.”Age of WordsworthMarkRomanticism prevailed during the period of 17981832, beginning with the publication of Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads, ending with Walter Scott’s death.SpiritThe great literary impulse of the age is the impulse of Individualism in a wonderful varied of forms.WhyIts great men of genius were mostly eminent in the poetical field, distinction was more easily achieved in poetry than in prose, and the general taste was decidedly set in the poetic direction.PhenomenonFor poetry is the highest form of literary expression, and poetry seems to have been most in harmony with the noblest powers of the English genius.The young enthusiasts turned as naturally to poetry as a happy man to singing.LiteraturePoetryScott, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelly, Keats, Moore, and SoutheyThe glory of the age is in the poetryProseScottattained a very wide readingNovelJane Austenslowly won for their authors a secure place in the history of English literatureEssayCharles LambDramaThe only great literary form that was not adequately representedDuring the nineteenth century, the drama seems to have been practically superseded by the novel as a medium for the portrayal of its plex forms of life and character.Lake Poets: Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey.John KeatsIn 1817 he published a little volume of verse, most of it crude and immature enough, but contain the magnificent sonnet, On First Looking into Chapman‘s Homer, which reveals one source of his inspiration. From the first his imagination has turned out to the old Greek work with instinctive sympathy。 and he now choose as the subject for a long time narrative poem the story of Endymion, the Latmian shepherd beloved by the moongoodness.Endymion was published in 1818. The exordium of poem, the Hymn to Pan in the opening episode, and a myriad other lines and short passages are worthy of the Keats that was to be。 but as a whole Endymion is chaotic, and cloyed with ornament. Nobody knew better than Keats himself.Great odes including On Melancholy, On a Grecian Urn, To Psyche, and To a Nightingale had done wonders in deepening and strengthening his gift. In turning from Spenser and Ariosto the great masculine poets of the seventeenth century, Shakespeare, Webster, Milton, and Dryden, he had found the iron which was lacking in his earlier intellectual food, and had learned the lessons of artistic calmness and severity, without sacrifice of the mellow sweetness native to him。 to charm, he had added strength.關于美國清教徒的描繪(Could you give a description of American Puritans?) Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the Church should be restored to the “purity” of the firstcentury Church as established by Jesus Christ Himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination,