【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 so many times we are doing what we are supposed to do, then another department or other people which are responsible for another part of the project are ing and saying. 他說很多時候我們正在做該做的事，接著別的部門或負(fù)責(zé)項目另一部分的人跑來說：Sorry, in order to do the content that we are talking about, you have to change what you have done because it doesn’t fit. 很抱歉，為了要符合我們討論的內(nèi)容，你必須改變先前完成的部分，否則無法配合。Now change, or its even worse than that. 如果現(xiàn)在不改變，情況會變得更糟。The client, he said exactly what he wants, he signed the contract, we started to do it. 客戶提出確切的需求，他簽下合約，我們開始做。He is looking at what we are doing and he said –that’s not what I meant, he wants a change. 他看看我們做的，然后說：“我不是這個意思。” 他想要變更。Sometimes he is even refusing to pay for the change. 有時候他甚至拒絕為這個變更付款。So these are the two sources for changes. 所以這兩者就是變更的來源。Either internally because people went into problem in the other side of the project and still has to be integrated, or the client. 一個來自內(nèi)部，負(fù)責(zé)項目另一部份的人為了整合而碰到問題，另一個來自客戶。So, I said what is the problem? 所以我說：“問題是什么呢？”And once again you see immediately what is the problem. 所以你再度立刻看到問題出在哪里。Look. The need is to take actions to fulfill the original mitment for content or due date. 你看，這里的需求是采取行動完成原本承諾的內(nèi)容或到期日。These actions now have to require a change from us otherwise we cannot meet it. 采取這些行動代表我們必須變更，否則無法達(dá)到原本的承諾。Or lets not forget, we have to honor the mitment to the clients to deliver what they really need. 不要忘了，我們必須實踐對客戶的承諾，符合他們確切的需要。Which means I have to do the change if they say that is not what we want or that’s not what we need.也就是說，如果這不是他們想要或需要的，我們就必須變更。On the other hand we are afraid to make these changes because what do these changes require usually? 但是另一方面我們又害怕變更，因為這些變更通常需要什么呢？More time, or more money. 更多的時間或金錢。Is it understood, yes or no.了解了嗎？Once again we are on the same thing. 我們又回到老地方。We want to meet all original mitments. 我們想要達(dá)成原來的承諾。In this case the changes are usually ing from what? 在這個例子中，變更的需求通常是什么？From the need to protect the content. 想要保護(hù)項目的內(nèi)容。But the actions that we have to take, the changes that we have to take to protect the content are jeopardizing the money and the due date mitments. 但是我們?yōu)榱吮Ｗo(hù)內(nèi)容而必須采取的行動，就會危害到金錢和到期日的承諾。Is it understood? Beautiful. 了解了嗎？太美妙了！You can go one by one on all of them and you see the same pattern repeats. 你可以逐一檢視，然后會發(fā)現(xiàn)相同的模式一直重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。For example lets take the last plaint that we had. 例如，我們看看最后一項抱怨。What was it? There is too much rework. 是什么呢？ 重做的工作太多。So you ask why do you have the rework. 所以你問：“為什么要重做？”And he said because the specs that we worked on turned out to be not correct. 他說：“因為我們原先的規(guī)格后來不正確。”So now we have to do it again.所以我們必須再做一次。So I said why didn’t you wait until the specs will be correct? 我說：“你為什么不確定規(guī)格正確以后再做？And what is the answer? 答案是什么呢？If we wait until the whole specs will be laid out, then we are definitely going to be late. 如果我們等所有的規(guī)格都確定后再做，絕對會來不及。So we have to start before we finish the planning. 因此我們一定要在計劃尚未完成前就開始。Does it happen to you?你是否碰過這樣的情況？Look again what is the conflict. 再看一下這里的沖突是什么？We must take action to secure meeting the original due date. 我們必須采取行動以確定能夠符合原本的到期日。Because of that we have to start many times before the specs are finished. 正因如此，我們常常必須在規(guī)格還沒確定前就先動工。If we start before the specs are finished means in order to secure it we have to start too early. 如果我們在規(guī)格還沒有確定前先動工，就代表為了如期完工，必須要很早開始。We will have to do rework. 我們必須重做。On the other hand, God forbid that we will do rework, because what is rework doing. 另一方面，上帝禁止我們重做，因為重做會造成什么結(jié)果？It immediately it inflates the time, inflates the budget and many times it leads to giving up on the content. 立刻延長時間和預(yù)算，常常使我們不得不放棄內(nèi)容。Have you noticed that the same picture is appearing again and again and again. 你是否發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣的情況一而再、再而三的重演。Lets see what is the generic conflict, what is the generic problem. 讓我們看看一般性的沖突，什么是一般性的問題？I think that by now we can verbalize it quite nicely. 我想現(xiàn)在我們可以很清楚地把它表達(dá)出來。What is the project management cloud? 項目管理的沖突圖是什么？What is the problem of all this field? 在這個領(lǐng)域中碰到的問題是什么？The problem goes like that. 問題如下：The objective is obvious you must meet the original mitments. 目標(biāo)很明顯：你必須如期達(dá)成原本的承諾。And remember there are three different original mitments. 要記得，有三種不同的承諾事項。Time, money and content. 時間、金錢、和內(nèi)容。Now in order to meet original mitments, since Murphy does exist, and since things are not going according to what we plan, remember what are the things that typify projects? 現(xiàn)在為了要實踐原本的承諾，但是莫非存在，而且事情通常不會依照我們的計劃進(jìn)行，還記得項目典型的特征是什么嗎？The things that typifies projects is high level of uncertainty. 項目典型的特征是高度的不確定性。It is not like in production that we have done the same thing half a million times. 項目不像生產(chǎn)，同樣的事情我們做過五十萬次。In a project we have never done exactly the same under the same situation, very high level of uncertainty. 在項目中，我們從沒在同樣的情況下做過同樣的事情，所以不確定性相當(dāng)高。So Murphy is guaranteed here. 所以莫非鐵定會在這里出現(xiàn)。And this means that because Murphy strikes us, in order to meet the original mitment we must do whatever it takes to meet the endangered original mitment. 也就是說，因為莫非隨時會襲擊，所以我們?yōu)榱藢嵺`原本的承諾，就必須盡一切努力實踐岌岌可危的承諾。What is an endangered original mitment? 什么叫做岌岌可危的承諾？Murphy, something that we have not done correctly. 莫非，也就是某件我們沒有做對的事情。Now in order to do whatever it takes to meet the endangered original mitment we must actually pensate for early misestimations or misconsiderations. 現(xiàn)在我們?yōu)榱吮M一切努力實踐岌岌可危的承諾，必須彌補(bǔ)之前錯誤的估計或未顧慮到的。Will we always have misestimations and misconsiderations? 我們是不是都有錯誤的估計和未顧慮到的？Always, that is the nature of uncertainty. 一定會有，這正是不確定性的本質(zhì)。Is it understood, yes or no.了解了嗎？At the same we don’t want to pensate for early misestimations and misconsiderations. 但是我們不想彌補(bǔ)之前錯誤的估計和未顧慮到的。Why? because we are not allowed to jeopardize the other mitments that we have. 為什么呢？因為我們不能危害到其它的承諾事項。So from one hand side we must pensate, and