chapter-5-semantics語言學(xué)(編輯修改稿)
2025-08-31 08:57 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 gConceptual Meaning:which makes up the centual meaning,refers to logical,cognitive meaning or denotative :desk:a piece of furniture with a flat top and four lags at which one reads and writes.Connotative Meaning:What is municated by virture of what language refers : Woman: housewife, gentle, cry, fragile, weakSocial Meaning: What is municated of the social circumstances of language . horse (general language) steed (poetic language) nag (slang) gee (baby language)Affective Meaning: Concerned with the expression of feelings and attitudes of speakers or and politicianReflected Meaning: What is municated through association with another sense of the same : Intercourse。 Bottom up(干杯！ 屁股朝天)。小姐，接客Collocative Meaning: What is municated through association with words which tend to occur in the environment of another :pretty manThematic Meaning : What is municated by the way in which the message is organized in terms of order and emphasis. 用主被動句舉例就行。4. Major Sense RelationsSense relations in terms of words:sameness relation。oppositeness relation。inclusiveness relation is the sameness relation or close similarity of meaning. No total or absolute synonyms may 1) differ in style(degree of formality) : buypurchase2) differ in connotations:thriftystingy 3)differ in dialects(dialectal synonymes) autumnfall. Antonymy is the term used for oppositeness of that are opposite in meaning are do not contrast each other only on a single dimension。 in fact oppositemess can be found on different dimensions and different kinds of antonyms are are three main subtypes: Gradable antonymy 。 Complementary antonymy。 Converse antonymy antonymy:Gradable antonyms are antonyms that are gradable because There are often intermediate forms between the two is a matter of example,old and young are immediately recognized as antonyms,but they stand for two extrems,between which there exist intermediate forms representing differing degree of being old or young,such as “middleaged”.Features of gradable antonyms are:1)The denial of one is not necessarily the assertion of the good ≠bad 2)they can be modified by good 3)they may have parative and superlative ,worse 4)antonyms of this kind are graded against different big car is smaller than a small plane. 5)One member of a pair,usually the term for the higher degree,serves as the cover cover term is called “unmarked”, covered term is called “marked”, the covered is used,it suggests that ther
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