【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 nguage is innate。 initial state of mind。 reveal nature of L to show nature of man. 喬姆斯基 Chomsky 流派介紹：?jiǎn)棠匪够?:生成語(yǔ)法 ?萊茵斯評(píng)喬氏：“ Chomky‘s position is not only unique within linguistics at the present time, but is probably unprecedented in the whole history of the subject…Right or wrong, Chomsky‘s theory of grammar is undoubtedly the most dynamic and influential, and no linguist who wishes to keep abreast of current developments in his subject can afford to ignore Chomsky‘s theoretical pronouncements.‖ – John Lyons Chomsky ?―It seems plain that language acquisition is based on the child‘s discovery of what from a formal point of view is a deep and abstract theory – a generative grammar of his language – many of the concepts and principles of which are only remotely related to experience by long and intricate chains of the unconscious quasiinferential steps. A consideration of the character of the grammar that is acquired, the Chomsky degenerate quality and narrowly limited extent of the available data, the striking uniformity of the resulting grammar, and their independence of intelligence, motivation, and emotional state, over wide range of variation, leave little hope that much of the structure of the language can be learned by an anism initially uninformed as to its general character.( Chomsky 1965： Aspects of the theory of syntax) ?―顯然，語(yǔ)言習(xí)得基于兒童發(fā)現(xiàn)從形式角度看是一種深?yuàn)W、抽象的理論 —即母語(yǔ)的一種生成語(yǔ)法。這種語(yǔ)法的許多概念和原則必須經(jīng)過漫長(zhǎng)、復(fù)雜的無意識(shí)的亞推理過程，才與經(jīng)驗(yàn)稍稍相連。 稍微想一想兒童習(xí)得的語(yǔ)法性質(zhì)，他接觸到的語(yǔ)料質(zhì)量之差和范圍之小，兒童習(xí)得語(yǔ)言與智力、動(dòng)機(jī)、情緒毫無關(guān)系，而且他們的環(huán)境因素千差萬別，最后所得語(yǔ)法的卻驚人地相似，讓我們很難相信，一個(gè)對(duì)語(yǔ)法沒有大致了解的有機(jī)體，能夠?qū)W到這麼多語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)知識(shí)?！? 喬氏， 1965 《 句法理論面面觀 》 9. 流派介紹：?jiǎn)棠匪够?:生成語(yǔ)法 語(yǔ)言描寫力求形式化 。句法獨(dú)立 ,句法為核心 。觀察充分 , 描寫充分 , 解釋充分 。其影響深遠(yuǎn) ,令人耳目一新 。喬氏理論對(duì)哲學(xué) ,心理學(xué) ,計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言 ,形式化等 , 都有貢獻(xiàn) . To formalize the description of L。 independence of syntax。 emphasis on explanatory power。 contribution to philosophy, psychology, puter science。 biology。 biolinguistics Chomsky:語(yǔ)言天賦 ?In ―The Architecture of Language‖ (2022:50) he wrote: ―Lots of people reject the proposal that language is innate but nobody answers them. The reason why nobody answers is that their arguments would make no sense. There‘s no way to answer them. To say that ?language is not innate‘ is to say that there is no difference between my granddaughter, a rock and a rabbit. In other words, if you take a rock, a rabbit and Chomsky：語(yǔ)言天賦 ?my granddaughter and put them in a munity where people are talking English, they‘ll all learn English. If people believe that, then they believe that language is not innate. If they believe that there is a difference between my granddaughter, a rabbit and a rock, then they believe that language is innate.‖ Chomsky:語(yǔ)言教學(xué) ?Chomsky (1988)‖ … teaching should not be pared to filling a bottle with water but rather to helping a flower to grow in its own way. As any good teacher knows, the methods of instruction and range of material covered are of small important as pared with the success in arousing the natural curiosity of the students喚起學(xué)生的自然好奇心 and stimulating their interest in Chomsky：語(yǔ)言教學(xué) ?exploring on their own激勵(lì)他們?nèi)プ晕姨剿鞯呐d趣 . What the students learn passively will be quickly fotten. What the students discover for themselves when their natural curiosity and creative impulses are aroused not only will be remembered but will be the basis for further exploration and inquiry and perhaps significant intellectual contributions. 10. 流派介紹：系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)言學(xué) : 英國(guó)有悠久語(yǔ)言研究傳統(tǒng)，人造語(yǔ)言、速寫、拼法改革等起于英國(guó)，著名語(yǔ)音學(xué)家丹尼爾 瓊斯 Daniel Jones 、亨利 斯威特 Henry Sweet生于這里。 倫敦學(xué)派后來成為系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)法學(xué)派。馬林諾夫斯基 , 佛斯 , 韓禮德等 .意義即使用 . 語(yǔ)言環(huán)境決定意義；結(jié)構(gòu)與系統(tǒng)； 語(yǔ)言潛勢(shì)和語(yǔ)言實(shí)際行為 。組合關(guān)系和聚合關(guān)系；語(yǔ)言功能分類 10. 流派介紹：系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)言學(xué) ? The London School: Britain has a long tradition of language studies. The great phoicians Henry Sweet， Daniel Jones。 Malinovki, . Firth, . Halliday。 meaning is use。 context determines meaning。 emphasis on both structure and system。 linguistic potential and actual behavior。 paradigmatic/ syntagmatic relations。 types of functions of language Malinovski 馬林諾夫斯基 ?佛斯 ? J. R. Firth . Halliday ?韓禮德 ? MAK Halliday 10. 流派介紹：系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)言學(xué) ?語(yǔ)言是許多小系統(tǒng)組成的大系統(tǒng) .語(yǔ)言的結(jié)構(gòu)由社會(huì)功能所決定 .語(yǔ)言的三大功能 。兒童語(yǔ)言的七大功能 . 在教學(xué)上和文體學(xué)上都有貢獻(xiàn) . Language is a system of many subsystems。 three macro function of language (ideational, interpersonal, textual function)。 children‘s seven functions。 contribution to language teaching and stylistics。 popular in China. 語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng) ? The material process: action and event. ? The