普通心理學(xué)重點(diǎn)doc(編輯修改稿)
2024-08-14 06:45 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 雙眼線(xiàn)索：Binocular parallar 雙眼視察眼睛的調(diào)節(jié)2， Physiologyical cues 生理線(xiàn)索 adjustment 調(diào)節(jié) convergence 輻合 The monocular vision(單眼線(xiàn)索):linear perspective線(xiàn)條透視interposition對(duì)象的重迭（遮擋）Light and Shadow明亮和陰影（明暗）texture gradient紋理梯度(結(jié)構(gòu)級(jí)差)motion parallax運(yùn)動(dòng)視差Chapter 5 Memory memory(記憶):the storage and retrieval of what has been learned or experienced.3， Implicit memory(內(nèi)隱記憶):refers to memories of which people are not consciously aware, but which can affect subsequent performance and behavior. 個(gè)體無(wú)意識(shí)的或者不自覺(jué)的回憶信息的記憶形式，無(wú)意識(shí)記憶影響個(gè)體后繼的表現(xiàn)和行為。4， Memory is the process by which we encode(編碼),store(存儲(chǔ)) and retrieve(提取) information.,5， Three stages of memory(記憶的三個(gè)階段):sensory memory感覺(jué)記憶、ShortTerm Memory 短時(shí)記憶STM、LongTerm Memory長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶LTM6， 艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線(xiàn)ebbinghaus,s forgetting curve 的特點(diǎn)：（1）大多數(shù)遺忘出現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)后一小時(shí)之內(nèi)；（2）遺忘的速度不是恒定的，而是先快后慢,最后逐漸穩(wěn)定下來(lái)；（3）重新學(xué)習(xí)要比第一次學(xué)習(xí)容易。Chapter 6 thought and language Thinking(思維):changing and reorganizing the information stored in memory to create new ，借助于言語(yǔ)、表象、動(dòng)作來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，能揭示事物本質(zhì)特征及內(nèi)部規(guī)律的理性認(rèn)識(shí)階段。 Image(表象):a visual,mental representation of an event or object. Concept(概念):a label for a class of objects or events that have at least one attribute in mon. What strategies do we need in problem solving?問(wèn)題解決可以使用的策略：Mechanical Solutions—to try one by one (算法式)Heuristics(啟發(fā)法) meansend analysis手段－目標(biāo)分析、Backward search逆向搜索、climbing method爬山法 影響問(wèn)題解決的因素：Function Fixation功能固著mental set心理定勢(shì)motivation動(dòng)機(jī)condition知覺(jué)情境（問(wèn)題條件） Characteristics of creative thinking創(chuàng)造性思維的特點(diǎn)：Flexibility變通性、靈活性Rebination重組Insight頓悟帶有突發(fā)性，如靈感、直覺(jué)等等Chapter 7 Motivation and Emotion Motivation(動(dòng)機(jī)):an internal state that activates behavior and directs it toward a 、激發(fā)和維持有機(jī)體活動(dòng)的一種內(nèi)在心理過(guò)程。 Need(需要):biological or psychological requirement of an organism. Incentive approaches（刺激或誘因理論）：an external stimulus, reinforcer, or reward that motivates behavior. Emotions(情緒):are feelings that generally have both physiological and cognitive elements
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