【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 實現(xiàn)防抱死和驅(qū)動防滑。由于各種控制系統(tǒng)如衛(wèi)星定位、導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，自動變速系統(tǒng)，無級轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)，懸架系統(tǒng)等的控制系統(tǒng)與制動控制系統(tǒng)高度集成，所以ECU還得兼顧這些系統(tǒng)的控制； c)輪速傳感器。準確、可*、及時地獲得車輪的速度； d)線束。給系統(tǒng)傳遞能源和電控制信號； e)電源。為整個電制動系統(tǒng)提供能源。與其他系統(tǒng)共用?？梢允歉鞣N電源，也包括再生能源。 　　 從結(jié)構(gòu)上可以看出這種全電路制動系統(tǒng)具有其他傳統(tǒng)制動控制系統(tǒng)無法比擬的優(yōu)點： a)整個制動系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，省去了傳統(tǒng)制動系統(tǒng)中的制動油箱、制動主缸、助力裝置。液壓閥、復(fù)雜的管路系統(tǒng)等部件，使整車質(zhì)量降低； b)制動響應(yīng)時間短，提高制動性能； c)無制動液，維護簡單； d)系統(tǒng)總成制造、裝配、測試簡單快捷，制動分總成為模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)； e)采用電線連接，系統(tǒng)耐久性能良好； f)易于改進，稍加改進就可以增加各種電控制功能。 全電制動控制系統(tǒng)是一個全新的系統(tǒng)，給制動控制系統(tǒng)帶來了巨大的變革，為將來的車輛智能控制提供條件。但是，要想全面推廣，還有不少問題需要解決： 首先是驅(qū)動能源問題。采用全電路制動控制系統(tǒng)，需要較多的能源，一個盤式制動器大約需要1kW的驅(qū)動能量。目前車輛12V電力系統(tǒng)提供不了這么大的能量，因此，將來車輛動力系統(tǒng)采用高壓電，加大能源供應(yīng)，可以滿足制動能量要求，同時需要解決高電壓帶來的安全問題。 其次是控制系統(tǒng)失效處理。全電制動控制系統(tǒng)面臨的一個難題是制動失效的處理。因為不存在獨立的主動備用制動系統(tǒng)，因此需要一個備用系統(tǒng)保證制動安全，不論是ECU元件失效，傳感器失效還是制動器本身、線束失效，都能保證制動的基本性能。實現(xiàn)全電制動控制的一個關(guān)鍵技術(shù)是系統(tǒng)失效時的信息交流協(xié)議，如TTP/C。 系統(tǒng)一旦出現(xiàn)故障，立即發(fā)出信息，確保信息傳遞符合法規(guī)最適合的方法是多重通道分時區(qū)(TDMA)，它可以保證不出現(xiàn)不可預(yù)測的信息滯后。TTP/C協(xié)議是根據(jù)TDMA制定的。第三是抗干擾處理。車輛在運行過程中會有各種干擾信號，如何消除這些干擾信號造成的影響，存在多種抗干擾控制系統(tǒng)，基本上分為兩種：即對稱式和非對稱式抗干擾控制系統(tǒng)。 對稱式抗干擾控制系統(tǒng)是用兩個相同的CPU和同樣的計算程序處理制動信號。非對稱式抗干擾控制系統(tǒng)是用兩個不同的CPU和不一樣的計算程序處理制動信號。兩種方法各有優(yōu)缺點。另外，電制動控制系統(tǒng)的軟件和硬件如何實現(xiàn)模塊化，以適應(yīng)不同種類的車型需要；如何實現(xiàn)底盤的模塊化，是一個重要的難題。只有將制動、懸架、導(dǎo)航等系統(tǒng)綜合考慮進來，從算法上模塊化，建立數(shù)據(jù)總線系統(tǒng)，才能以最低的成本獲得最好的控制系統(tǒng)。 電制動控制系統(tǒng)首先用在混合動力制動系統(tǒng)車輛上，采用液壓制動和電制動兩種制動系統(tǒng)。這種混合制動系統(tǒng)是全電制動系統(tǒng)的過渡方案。由于兩套制動系統(tǒng)共存，使結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，成本偏高。 結(jié)論在車輛模塊化、集成化、電子化、車供能源的高壓化的趨勢驅(qū)動下，車輛制動系統(tǒng)也朝著電子化方向發(fā)展，很多汽車和零部件廠商都進行了電制動系統(tǒng)的研究和推廣，博世、西門子、特維斯等公司已經(jīng)研制出一些試驗成果，電制動系統(tǒng)必將取代傳統(tǒng)制動系統(tǒng)，汽車底盤進一步一體化、集成化，制動系統(tǒng)性能也會發(fā)生質(zhì)的飛躍。此次畢業(yè)設(shè)計可以說在某種程度上是一種嘗試，通過查閱大量的有關(guān)汽車制動系統(tǒng)資料后，使我學(xué)到了很多先進的制動系統(tǒng)的相關(guān)知識，這對我設(shè)計的課題起到了十分重要的作用，當然，此次設(shè)計并不能稱得上是最完美的作品，但至少能在某種程度上緩解或克服汽車制動時出現(xiàn)的一些問題。同時，畢業(yè)設(shè)計也是對我大學(xué)三年學(xué)習(xí)情況的一次檢驗，使我受益匪淺。致 謝在本次論文設(shè)計過程中，我非常感謝王桂榮老師。對該論文從選題，構(gòu)思到最后定稿的各個環(huán)節(jié)給予細心指引與教導(dǎo),使我得以最終完成畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計。在學(xué)習(xí)中,王老師嚴謹?shù)闹螌W(xué)態(tài)度、豐富淵博的知識、敏銳的學(xué)術(shù)思維、精益求精的工作態(tài)度以及侮人不倦的師者風(fēng)范是我終生學(xué)習(xí)的楷模，導(dǎo)師們的高深精湛的造詣與嚴謹求實的治學(xué)精神，將永遠激勵著我。這三年中還得到眾多老師的關(guān)心支持和幫助。在此，謹向老師們致以衷心的感謝和崇高的敬意！ 最后，我要向百忙之中抽時間對本文進行審閱，評議和參與本人論文答辯的各位老師表示感謝。參考文獻1 王遂雙,2 石湘龍,張力軍,汽車維修故障診斷智能決策支持系統(tǒng)的研究.[J],北京汽車,2004,06期 3 朱為國,汽車制動過程時間的分析[J].北京汽車,2006年02期4 胡光輝, 5 葛郢漢,汽車驅(qū)動輪的防滑轉(zhuǎn)控制[J],南通航運職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報,2006年02期6 余志生,汽車理論,7 粟利萍,汽車實用英語,8 麻友良主編. 汽車電器與電子控制系統(tǒng). 武漢：.（參考文獻是自己參考的論文 不是照搬別人的）附 錄外文翻譯Automobile Brake System The braking system is the most important system in cars. If the brakes fail, the result can be disastrous. Brakes are actually energy conversion devices, which convert the kinetic energy (momentum) of the vehicle into thermal energy (heat).When stepping on the brakes, the driver mands a stopping force ten times as powerful as the force that puts the car in motion. The braking system can exert thousands of pounds of pressure on each of the four brakes.Two plete independent braking systems are used on the car. They are the service brake and the parking brake.The service brake acts to slow, stop, or hold the vehicle during normal driving. They are footoperated by the driver depressing and releasing the brake pedal. The primary purpose of the brake is to hold the vehicle stationary while it is unattended. The parking brake is mechanically operated by when a separate parking brake foot pedal or hand lever is set. The brake system is posed of the following basic ponents: the “master cylinder” which is located under the hood, and is directly connected to the brake pedal, converts driver foot’s mechanical pressure into hydraulic pressure. Steel “brake lines” and flexible “brake hoses” connect the master cylinder to the “slave cylinders” located at each wheel. Brake fluid, specially designed to work in extreme conditions, fills the system. “Shoes” and “pads” are pushed by the slave cylinders to contact the “drums” and “rotors” thus causing drag, which (hopefully) slows the car.The typical brake system consists of disk brakes in front and either disk or drum brakes in the rear connected by a system of tubes and hoses that link the brake at each wheel to the master cylinder (Figure).Basically, all car brakes are friction brakes. When the driver applies the brake, the control device forces brake shoes, or pads, against the rotating brake drum or disks at wheel. Friction between the shoes or pads and the drums or disks then slows or stops the wheel so that the car is braked. In most modern brake systems (see Figure ), there is a fluidfilled cylinder, called master cylinder, which contains two separate sections, there is a piston in each section and both pistons are connected to a brake pedal in the driver’s partment. When the brake is pushed down, brake fluid is sent from the master cylinder to the wheels. At the wheels, the fluid pushes shoes, or pads, against revolving drums or disks. The friction between the stationary shoes, or pads, and the revolving drums or disks slows and stops them. This slows or stops the revolving wheels, which, in turn, slow or stop the car.The brake fluid reservoir is on top of the master cylinder. Most cars today have a transparent r reservoir so that you can see the level without opening the cover. The brake fluid level will drop slightly as the brake pads wear. This is a normal condition and no cause for concern. If the level drops noticeably over a short period of time or goes down to about two thirds full, have your brakes checked as soon as possible. Keep the reservoir covered except for the amount of time you need to fill it and never leave a cam of brake fluid uncovered. Brake fluid must maintain a very high boiling point. Exposure to air will cause the fluid to absorb moisture which will lower that boiling point.The brake fluid travels from the master cylinder to the wheels through a series of steel tubes and reinforced rubber hoses. Rubber hoses are only used in places that require flexibility, such as at the front wheels, which move up and down as well as steer. The rest of the system uses noncorrosive seamless steel tubing with special fittings at all attachment points. If a steel line requires a repair, the best procedure is to replace the pete line. If this is not practical,