【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 cts and causes量化失效模式, 影響, 與原因 Causes Failure Modes* Effects 原因 失效模式 影響 Occurrence Detection Severity 發(fā)生機(jī)率 偵測(cè)能力 嚴(yán)重性How severe?有多嚴(yán)重?Who has the most info?誰(shuí)有較多的資訊?How easy to detect with current controls?現(xiàn)有的偵測(cè)能力有多好?Who has the most info?誰(shuí)有較多的資訊?If prevented will effects be eliminated?預(yù)防措施是否可以消除影響?How frequent?多頻繁?Who has the most info?誰(shuí)有較多的資訊?If eliminated, will failure be avoided?如果消除了發(fā)生機(jī)率, 失效是否可以避免?Failure Mode Effects AnalysisFMEA分析, 續(xù)前頁(yè), Rating ScalesFMEA分析, 評(píng)比等級(jí) 中國(guó)最大的資料庫(kù)下載Rating scales評(píng)比等級(jí)Example from Design FMEA設(shè)計(jì)FMEA舉例Severity 嚴(yán)重性O(shè)ccurrence 發(fā)生機(jī)率Detection 偵測(cè)能力Effect 影響Cause 原因Failure mode or cause 失效模式或原因 1 No effect 無(wú)影響2 Minor effect fit/cosmetics 輕微影響 – 配合 / 外觀3 Major effect fit/cosmetics 嚴(yán)重影響– 配合 / 外觀4 Minor reduction in Function 功能稍受影響5 Customer dissatisfied 客戶(hù)不滿(mǎn)意6 Major reduction in function 功能大受影響7 Totally dysfunctional 功能完全不正常8 Presents minor hazard 形成輕微危險(xiǎn)9 Presents injury hazard 造成受傷危險(xiǎn)10 Fatal if used 造成致命危險(xiǎn)1 Remote chance, 1ppm 微乎其微2 Very low 15 非常低3 Very low 510 非常低4 Moderate 10100 中等程度5 Moderate 1001K 中等程度6 High 1K10K 高度7 High 10K100K 高度8 Very High 100K1M 非常高9 Very High 1M 10M 非常高10 Almost certain 幾乎是必然會(huì)發(fā)生1 Certain to be detected 一定能偵測(cè)出2 Very high chance of detection 非常高的機(jī)會(huì)能偵測(cè)出3 high chance of detection 很高的機(jī)會(huì)能偵測(cè)出4 Moderately high chance of detection 中高程度的機(jī)會(huì)能偵測(cè)出5 Moderate chance of detection 中等程度的機(jī)會(huì)能偵測(cè)出6 Low chance of detection 低程度的機(jī)會(huì)能偵測(cè)出7 Very low chance of detection 非常低程度的機(jī)會(huì)能偵測(cè)出8 Remote chance of detection 微乎其微的機(jī)會(huì)能偵測(cè)出9 Very remote chance of detection 非常微乎其微的機(jī)會(huì)能偵測(cè)出10 Slips by undetected 無(wú)法偵測(cè)Rating scales評(píng)比等級(jí)FMEA。 Step by StepFMEA。 逐步展開(kāi)5 Develop rating scales for Severity, Occurrence,and Detection Example from Process FMEA:Severity effect1 – No effect on operators, users, or current and down stream processes2 – Minor rework at current step / no dysfunction introduced in product3 – Rework at current / subsequent steps causing some delayed schedules, or product is rendered partially dysfunctional4 – Heavy rework at subsequent operation, major delays in schedules, or product function is severely impacted5 – Risk of injury or fatal Occurrence cause1 – Very rare occurrence, X00 ppb or once in 3 to 5 years2 – Rare occurrence, X to X000 ppm, 2 to 5 occurrences in 3 years3 – Frequent occurrence, X000 to X0,000 ppm, 1 to 3 occurrences in 1 year4 – High frequency of occurrence, X0,000 to XM ppm, over 4 occurrences per year5 – Almost certainDetection – failure mode (or cause in some cases) 1 – Certain to be detected, before any measurable damage is done2 – Automated inspection / detection or strong process controls exist at current step or within the system boundaries3 – Sampling plans used for inspection purposes4 – 100% manual inspection methods used within system boundaries 5 – Defect unlikely to be detected, will slip by unnoticed 5 建立嚴(yán)重性, 發(fā)生機(jī)率, 與偵測(cè)能力的評(píng)比等級(jí)流程FMEA舉例:嚴(yán)重性 – 影響1. 對(duì)作業(yè)員, 使用者, 或目前及下游作業(yè)無(wú)影響.2. 對(duì)該作業(yè)步驟輕微重工, 產(chǎn)品功能不受影響.3. 對(duì)該作業(yè) / 後續(xù)作業(yè)步驟重工而造成進(jìn)度稍為落後, 或產(chǎn)品功能部份受影響.4. 對(duì)後續(xù)作業(yè)步驟施以重大重工, 造成進(jìn)度嚴(yán)重落後, 或產(chǎn)品功能?chē)?yán)重受影響.5. 有受傷或致命危險(xiǎn).發(fā)生機(jī)率 – 原因1. 發(fā)生機(jī)率非常罕見(jiàn). 十億分之?dāng)?shù)百, 或三至五年發(fā)生一次.2. 發(fā)生機(jī)率罕見(jiàn). 百萬(wàn)分之一至百萬(wàn)分之?dāng)?shù)千, 或三年發(fā)生二至五次.3. 發(fā)生機(jī)率時(shí)常. 百萬(wàn)分之?dāng)?shù)千至百萬(wàn)分之?dāng)?shù)萬(wàn), 或一年發(fā)生一至三次.4. 發(fā)生機(jī)率頻繁. 百萬(wàn)分之?dāng)?shù)萬(wàn)至百萬(wàn)分之?dāng)?shù)百萬(wàn), 或一年發(fā)生多於四次5. 幾乎是必然會(huì)發(fā)生.偵測(cè)能力 – 失效模式 (在某些案例中這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是原因)1. 在損失造成前一定可以偵測(cè)到.2. 自動(dòng)檢驗(yàn) / 測(cè)試, 或?qū)υ摿鞒袒蛳到y(tǒng)有週密的流程管制.3. 依抽樣計(jì)劃?rùn)z驗(yàn).4. 系統(tǒng)範(fàn)圍內(nèi)施行百分之百人工檢驗(yàn).5. 無(wú)法偵測(cè).Failure Mode Effects Analysis, ContinuedFMEA分析, 續(xù)前頁(yè)Rating Scale Worksheet評(píng)比等級(jí)工作表Severity嚴(yán)重性O(shè)ccurrence發(fā)生機(jī)率Detection偵測(cè)能力Effect影響Cause原因Failure Mode or Cause失效模式或原因Failure Mode Effects Analysis, ContinuedFMEA分析, 續(xù)前頁(yè) Define the scope for the FMEA, cont.定義FMEA的范圍, 續(xù)前頁(yè)Step 6Brainstorm failure modes, known and potentialIdentify as many failure modes as possible.步驟六運(yùn)用腦力激蕩方法找出已知和可能的失效模式盡可能的找出各種失效模式Separating Failure Modes, Effects and Causes區(qū)分失效模式, 影響, 與原因Multiplicity will exist for causes, failure modes, and effects 重複性存在於各個(gè)原因, 失效模式, 與影響之間Failure Modes : Will share causes, and effects失效模式 : 不同的失效模式會(huì)有共同的原因與影響Causes : The reasons for failure, can be one or many for a given failure mode原因 : 某個(gè)失效的 (多個(gè)) 原因, 可能是另一個(gè)失效模式中一或多個(gè)的原因.Effects : The results of the failure, can be one or many for a given failure mode影響 : 某個(gè)失效的 (多個(gè)) 結(jié)果, 可能是另一個(gè)失效模式中一或多個(gè)的結(jié)