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微乎其微2 Very low 15 非常低3 Very low 510 非常低4 Moderate 10100 中等程度5 Moderate 1001K 中等程度6 High 1K10K 高度7 High 10K100K 高度8 Very High 100K1M 非常高9 Very High 1M 10M 非常高10 Almost certain 幾乎是必然會(huì)發(fā)生1 Certain to be detected 一定能偵測(cè)出2 Very high chance of detection 非常高的機(jī)會(huì)能偵測(cè)出3 high chance of detection 很高的機(jī)會(huì)能偵測(cè)出4 Moderately high chance of detection 中高程度的機(jī)會(huì)能偵測(cè)出5 Moderate chance of detection 中等程度的機(jī)會(huì)能偵測(cè)出6 Low chance of detection 低程度的機(jī)會(huì)能偵測(cè)出7 Very low chance of detection 非常低程度的機(jī)會(huì)能偵測(cè)出8 Remote chance of detection 微乎其微的機(jī)會(huì)能偵測(cè)出9 Very remote chance of detection 非常微乎其微的機(jī)會(huì)能偵測(cè)出10 Slips by undetected 無法偵測(cè)Rating scales評(píng)比等級(jí)FMEA。 精確指出在服務(wù)流程中的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)步驟 找出失效模式 Identifies highest value control stepsCustomers: End user, downstream process owners, and ….好處: Enables prioritization for corrective action Reduces probability of service not meeting expectations … 經(jīng)由紙上作業(yè)制訂流程 找出流程變量的控制辦法 更完善的流程設(shè)定 … Documents results of process Identifies process variables controls Increases robustness of process 提供設(shè)計(jì)持續(xù)改善的工作架構(gòu) 得以設(shè)定矯正措施的優(yōu)先級(jí) 更完善的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì) Provides a framework for continuous improvement of designs Enables priority setting for corrective action Increases robustness of designs Process – Focus process. Output usually a product流程 – 重點(diǎn)在流程本身. 其輸出通常為產(chǎn)品. 小組合作的結(jié)果會(huì)更好或更差? Failure Mode Effects Analysis, ContinuedFMEA分析, 續(xù)前頁P(yáng)robability of Occurrence – Cause發(fā)生機(jī)率 – 原因Very rare, maybe once in 10 yrs., or 1 ppb 1非常罕見, 每+年才可能發(fā)生一次, 或小于十億分之一Rare, maybe once in 5 yrs., or X00 ppb 2罕見, 每五年才可能發(fā)生一次, 或大約為十億分之?dāng)?shù)百Could occur somewhat frequently, more than once / 2 yrs., or 100 ppm 3發(fā)生頻率略高于每兩年一次, 或小于百萬分之一百Could occur 1 to 3 times / yr or between 100 and 1000 ppm 4每年發(fā)生一至三次, 或介于百萬分之一百至百萬分之一干Definitely more than one occurrence per quarter, or above 1000 ppm 5發(fā)生頻率多于每季一次, 或高于百萬分之一千Severity – Effect嚴(yán)重性 – 影響Minor inconvenience in personal / work life 1對(duì)個(gè)人生活與工作稍有不便Noticeable impact to work schedule / personal plans 2對(duì)個(gè)人與工作計(jì)劃稍有影響Affects relationships with boss / family members 3對(duì)上司 / 家人之間的關(guān)系有影響Loss of revenue, relationships, and or reputation 4對(duì)收入, 關(guān)系, 或名譽(yù)有損失Could result in injury, / other safety issues 5導(dǎo)致受傷或其它安全事故Detection – Failure Mode (or Cause)偵測(cè)能力 – 失效模式 (或原因)Failure or its cause is readily or self evident 1失效本身或其原因顯而易見或自行彰顯Manual inspection or test can easily detect failure / cause 2人工檢驗(yàn)或測(cè)試可以輕易偵測(cè)到失效或其原因Failure is hard to detect, special instruments or training req. 3失效不易偵測(cè), 必須要有特殊儀器或訓(xùn)練Failure detection will destroy the unit 4失效偵測(cè)過程會(huì)損毀產(chǎn)品Failure can slip by unnoticed 5無法偵測(cè)到失效Complete the following FMEA Rating Worksheet for the problem in Exercise 1.將練習(xí)一的問題排定FEMA優(yōu)先等級(jí)并填入下表.Product or feature產(chǎn)品或特性Failure mode失效模式Effect影響SCause原因OCurrent controls現(xiàn)行管制DRPN風(fēng)險(xiǎn)系數(shù)Rank等級(jí)Failure Mode Effects Analysis, ContinuedFMEA分析, 續(xù)前頁 Common types of FMEAFMEA的一般類型 您對(duì)您的結(jié)論有多大的信心? Would a team effort be better or worse?考慮以下各點(diǎn): How sure did you feel about what you were doing? Tool to use on new or existing products, processes, services, etc.用于新的或現(xiàn)有的產(chǎn)品, 流程, 服務(wù), 等等的工具. When FMEA’s Should Be Conducted何時(shí)該做FMEALife Cycle Cost生命週期成本Stages in Product/Service Life Cycle產(chǎn)品/服務(wù)生命週期之各個(gè)階段 FMEA ExerciseFMEA練習(xí)FMEA Exercise 1FMEA練習(xí)一Consider the pager as a munication device. Answer the following questions:將呼叫器當(dāng)做一個(gè)通訊工具. 回答下列問題:1. Identify the most serious failure that can occur with a pager.列出呼叫器可能發(fā)生最嚴(yán)重的失效狀況 (故障). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. What could be the “worst case” effect of this failure?這個(gè)失效狀況所能導(dǎo)致的最糟結(jié)果是什么?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. Identify 5 causes that lead to such failure, and rank in order of priority for corrective action.列出五個(gè)導(dǎo)致這個(gè)失效狀況的原因, 并將它們矯正措施的優(yōu)先等級(jí)列出.Cause原因Rank等級(jí) FMEA Exercise 1, ContinuedFMEA練習(xí)一, 續(xù)前頁 Points to consider: Method that quantifies l