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ful work of the scientific analyst(分析學(xué)家的認(rèn)真工作)對(duì)應(yīng)題干中的investigative work;creative imagination(富有創(chuàng)造力的想象)對(duì)應(yīng)題干中的creativity。答案YES15. 定位詞/關(guān)鍵字translate/ ancient language原文重現(xiàn)第一段倒數(shù)第二句But it is also the painstaking task of interpretation, so that we eto understand what these things mean for the human story.參考譯文它也是一項(xiàng)艱難的解釋工作,這樣我們才能夠理解上面提到的這些東西對(duì)于人類的歷史意味著什么。題解句中的interpretation(翻譯,理解)對(duì)應(yīng)題干中的translate,可是同句中沒(méi)有提及ancient language(古代語(yǔ)言)。答案NOT GIVEN16. 定位詞/關(guān)鍵字movie/ realistic原文重現(xiàn)第二段末句However far from reality such portrayals are…參考譯文不論這些電影中的描述與現(xiàn)實(shí)相差多遠(yuǎn),….題解利用movie可以定位到第二段。末句中 far from reality(距離現(xiàn)實(shí)很遠(yuǎn)) 相當(dāng)于題干中 realistic的反面。答案NO17. 定位詞/關(guān)鍵字culture/ more than one way原文重現(xiàn)第四段第二句、第三句Culture in this sense includes what the anthropologist, Edward Tylor, summarised in 1871 as 39。knowledge, belief, art, morals, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society39。. Anthropologists also use the term 39。culture39。 in a more restricted sense when they refer to the 39。culture39。 of a particular society, meaning the nonbiological characteristics unique to that society, which distinguish it from other societies.參考譯文這個(gè)意義上的文化包括“知識(shí)、信仰、藝術(shù)、道德、風(fēng)俗和其他的能力及習(xí)慣,這些都是人作為社會(huì)的一員所獲得的”。人類學(xué)家也會(huì)通過(guò)一種狹義的方式來(lái)使用“文化”這個(gè)概念,以此來(lái)特指某種社會(huì)的“文化”,此時(shí)談?wù)摰谋闶窃撋鐣?huì)獨(dú)有,而其他社會(huì)不具有的非生物學(xué)特征。題解可以利用culture一詞來(lái)定位。文中說(shuō)culture in this sense(這個(gè)意義上的文化),已經(jīng)表明culture的定義肯定不止一種。第三句中的also use the term culture in a more restricted sense(也在更局限的意義上使用culture這個(gè)說(shuō)法),是另外一種定義。答案YES18. 定位詞/關(guān)鍵字more demanding原文重現(xiàn)第四段末句Anthropology is thus a broad discipline so broad that it is generally broken down into three smaller disciplines: physical anthropology, cultural anthropology and archaeology.參考譯文因此,人類學(xué)是一個(gè)非常大的學(xué)科,以至于人們通常要把人類學(xué)分為以下三個(gè)更小的分支學(xué)科:自然人類學(xué)、文化人類學(xué)和考古學(xué)。題解根據(jù)題目我們要找到兩種學(xué)科間的對(duì)比關(guān)系,文中用表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的smaller聯(lián)系起了anthropology和archaeology,可是二者是總支和分支關(guān)系,而不是平行的對(duì)比關(guān)系,而且smaller也不能看做與more demanding相關(guān)的替換。答案NOT GIVEN19. 定位詞/關(guān)鍵字Europe / 3000BC原文重現(xiàn)倒數(shù)第三段末句Conventional historical sources begin only with the introduction of written records around 3,000 BC in western Asia, and much later inmost other parts of the world.參考譯文傳統(tǒng)意義上的歷史資源只開(kāi)始于公元前3000年左右西亞的文字記載,而在世界上大部分其他地方的文字記載都要更晚。題解可以利用地名和數(shù)字快速定位。文中的3000BC指的是western Asia,而不是題干中的Europe。答案NOQuestions 2021『題型』MULTIPLE CHOICES『解析』兩題都是關(guān)于anthropology的研究?jī)?nèi)容的,根據(jù)段落主題,應(yīng)定位在第四段和第五段。題號(hào)關(guān)鍵詞原文定位題解20|21D中subdivided第四段末句答案:D文中說(shuō),“人類學(xué)是一門很大的學(xué)科,可以分為三個(gè)分支”, broken down into smaller disciplines相當(dāng)于D選項(xiàng)中的subdivided(被細(xì)分)。E中 evolutionary pattern第五段首句答案:E第五段首句的末尾中明確說(shuō)到how they evolved(他們是如何演化的)是自然人類學(xué)的研究對(duì)象,而自然人類學(xué)是人類學(xué)的一個(gè)分支。Questions 2223『題型』MULTIPLE CHOICES『解析』此二題問(wèn)及考古學(xué)家的具體工作題號(hào)關(guān)鍵詞原文定位題解22|23C中shape of buildings第七段第二句答案:C文中說(shuō)why are some dwellings round and others square?(為什么有的住房是圓的,而有的是方的?),與C選項(xiàng)相符。注意原文和選項(xiàng)中存在對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系的詞。D中different ways/objects答案:D文中說(shuō)考古學(xué)家要研究“how were those pots used”(這些罐子是做什么用的),與D選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容相符。其中pots對(duì)應(yīng)D選項(xiàng)中的objects。Questions 2427『題型』SUMMARY『解析』題號(hào)關(guān)鍵詞原文定位題解24equally valuable倒數(shù)第二段末句答案:oral history題干中的equally important(同樣重要)表明,我們需要找到一種與written history存在平行邏輯的內(nèi)容。末句中的in no way lessens the importance of …oral history(不可能減少口述歷史…的重要性)是解題關(guān)鍵句。25|26both末段首句答案:humanistic study/historical discipline這兩道題非常容易,題干中的both和a(不定冠詞后必為名詞)告訴我們只要找到用來(lái)兄容考古學(xué)的兩個(gè)并列關(guān)系的名詞即可。27pare…to末段第五句答案:scientistpare to意為“比作”,相當(dāng)于末段第五句中的like。難句解析1. Physical anthropology, or biological anthropology as it is also called, concerns the study of human biological or physical characteristics and how they evolved.解析:逗號(hào)加or(“,or…”)結(jié)構(gòu)中,or不可理解為“或者”,應(yīng)理解為“或者稱為”,引導(dǎo)的是一種同位語(yǔ)成分,表明同一事物的兩種不同名稱。參考譯文:自然人類學(xué),或稱為生物人類學(xué),是討論人類的生物學(xué)以及自然學(xué)特點(diǎn),以及這些特點(diǎn)是如何演化的。2. Whereas cultural anthropologists will often base their conclusions on the experience of living within contemporary munities, archaeologists study past societies primarily through their material remainsthe buildings, tools, and other artefacts that constitute what is known as the material culture left over from former societies.解析:what引導(dǎo)的名詞從句(“what…”)可理解為“…的東西(事物)”,如“what is known as the material culture left over from former societies”可理解為“被稱為先前社會(huì)物質(zhì)文化遺留的東西”參考譯文:文化人類學(xué)通常將結(jié)論建立在當(dāng)今社會(huì)的生活體驗(yàn)之上,而考古學(xué)家卻是通過(guò)人類生活的遺存來(lái)研究過(guò)去的社會(huì)的,這些遺存包括建筑、工具以及藝術(shù)品,它們都被稱為先前社會(huì)的物質(zhì)文化遺留。參考譯文考古學(xué)的目的和本質(zhì)考古學(xué)包括尋找過(guò)去的財(cái)富、細(xì)致的科學(xué)分析以及大膽的想象。考古要在中東的烈日下進(jìn)行辛苦的挖掘,也要在阿拉斯加的雪域中與