【文章內容簡介】 rainforests some animals would have nowhere to live.F Rainforests are important habitats for a lot of plants.G People are responsible for the loss of the rainforests.H The rainforests are a source of oxygen.I Rainforests are of consequence for a number of different reasons.J As the rainforests are destroyed, the world gets warmer.K Without rainforests there would not be enough oxygen in the air.L There are people for whom the rainforests are home.M Rainforests are found in Africa.N Rainforests are not really important to human life.O The destruction of the rainforests is the direct result of logging activity.P Humans depend on the rainforests for their continuing existence.Question 14Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, D or E.Write your answer in box 14 on your answer sheet.Which of the following is the most suitable title for Reading Passage 1?A The development of a programme in environmental studies within a science curriculumB Children’s ideas about the rainforests and the implications for course designC The extent to which children have been misled by the media concerning the rainforestsD How to collect, collate and describe the ideas of secondary school children.E The importance of the rainforests and the reasons for their destructionREADING PASSAGE 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1526 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.What Do Whales Feel? An examination of the functioning of the senses in cetaceans, the group of mammals prising whales, dolphins and porpoises Some of the senses that we and other terrestrial mammals take for granted are either reduced or absent in cetaceans or fail to function well in water. For example, it appears from their brain structure that toothed species are unable to smell. Baleen species, on the other hand, appear to have some related brain structures but it is not known whether these are functional. It has been speculated that, as the blowholes evolved and migrated to the top of the head, the neural pathways serving sense of smell may have been nearly all sacrificed. Similarly, although at least some cetaceans have taste buds, the nerves serving these have degenerated or are rudimentary. The sense of touch has sometimes been described as weak too, but this view is probably mistaken. Trainers of captive dolphins and small whales often remark on their animals39。 responsiveness to being touched or rubbed, and both captive and freeranging cetacean individuals of all species (particularly adults and calves, or members of the same subgroup) appear to make frequent contact. This contact may help to maintain order within a group, and stroking or touching are part of the courtship ritual in most species. The area around the blowhole is also particularly sensitive and captive animals often object strongly to being touched there. The sense of vision is developed to different degree in different species. Baleen species studied at close quarters underwater—specifically a grey whale calf in captivity for a year, and freeranging right whale and humpback whales studied and filmed off Argentina and Hawaii—have obviously tracked objects with vision under water, and they can apparently see moderately well both in water and in air. However, the position of the eyes so restricts the field of vision in baleen whales that they probably do not have stereoscopic vision.On the other hand, the position of the eyes in most dolphins and porpoises suggests that they have stereoscopic vision forward and downward. Eye position in freshwater dolphins, which often swim on their side or upside down while feeding, suggests that what vision they have is stereoscopic forward and upward. By parison, the bottlenose dolphin has extremely keen vision in water. Judging from the way it watches and tracks airborne flying fish, it can apparently see fairly well through the airwater interface as well. And although preliminary experimental evidence suggests that their inair vision is poor, the accuracy with which dolphins leap high to take small fish out of a trainer39。s hand provides anecdotal evidence to the contrary. Such variation can no doubt be explained with reference to the habitats in which individual species have developed. For example, vision is obviously more useful to species inhabiting clear open waters than to those living in turbid rivers and flooded plains. The South American boutu and Chinese Beiji, for instance, appear to have very limited vision, and the Indian susus are blind, their eyes reduced to slits that probably allow them to sense only the direction and intensity of light. Although the senses of taste and smell appear to have deteriorated, and vision in water appears to be uncertain, such weaknesses are more than pensated for by cetaceans39。 welldeveloped acoustic sense. Most species are highly vocal, although they vary in the range of sounds they produce, and many forage for food using echolocation . Large baleen whales primarily use the lower frequencies and are often limited in their repertoire. Notable exceptions are the nearly songlike choruses of bowhead whales in summer and the plex, haunting utterances of the humpback whales. Toothed species in general employ more of the frequency spectrum, and produce a wider variety of sounds, than baleen species (though the sperm whale apparently produces a monotonous series of highenergy clicks and little else). Some of the more plicated sounds are clearly municative, although what role they may play in the social life and 39。culture39。 of cetaceans has been more the subject of wild speculation than of solid science.1. echolocation: the perception of objects by means of sound wave echoes.Questions 1521Complete the table below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 2 for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 1521 on your answer sheet.SENSESPECIESABILIT