【文章內(nèi)容簡介】
量應(yīng)變的截面應(yīng)依據(jù)哪些原則?答:對(duì)于受彎構(gòu)件,需按如下原則選取測(cè)量應(yīng)變的截面:1)彎矩最大處;2)剪力最大處;3)彎矩與剪力均較大處;4)截面面積突變處;5)抗彎控制截面(截面較弱且彎矩值較大處);6)抗剪控制截面(截面較弱且剪力值較大處)。23.鋼筋混凝土梁的試驗(yàn)觀測(cè)的主要內(nèi)容有哪些?答:鋼筋混凝土梁的試驗(yàn)觀測(cè)的主要內(nèi)容有:撓度觀測(cè),轉(zhuǎn)角測(cè)量,應(yīng)變測(cè)量,裂縫測(cè)量和承載力極限的觀測(cè)。24.鋼筋混凝土梁受拉主筋的應(yīng)力可用哪兩種方法測(cè)量?答:鋼筋混凝土梁受拉主筋的應(yīng)力可用兩種方法測(cè)量:一種是預(yù)埋電阻應(yīng)變片法,另一種是在混凝土的表面預(yù)留孔洞(或稱窗口)。25.鋼筋混凝土梁的裂縫觀測(cè)包括哪些內(nèi)容?答:鋼筋混凝土梁的裂縫觀測(cè)包括:及時(shí)地捕捉到第一條裂縫的出現(xiàn),并盡可能準(zhǔn)確地記錄下此時(shí)的荷載值;按加載分級(jí)跟蹤描繪裂縫的開展情況,并測(cè)出裂縫的寬度。26.如何確定鋼筋混凝土梁開裂荷載實(shí)測(cè)值?答:確定鋼筋混凝土梁開裂荷載實(shí)測(cè)值:1)如果在規(guī)定的荷載持載時(shí)間結(jié)束后出現(xiàn)裂縫,則將此級(jí)荷載定為開裂荷載實(shí)測(cè)值。2)如果在規(guī)定的荷載持載時(shí)間內(nèi)出現(xiàn)裂縫,則將此級(jí)荷載與前一級(jí)荷載的平均值定為開裂荷載實(shí)測(cè)值。3)如果沒有及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)第一條裂縫,可取荷載撓度曲線上的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)(曲線第一彎轉(zhuǎn)段兩端點(diǎn)切線的交點(diǎn))的荷載值作為構(gòu)件的開裂荷載實(shí)測(cè)值。27.簡述建筑結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)中的真值、近似值和誤差三者的關(guān)系?答:真值是物理量本身所固有的,人們對(duì)物理量測(cè)量的目的就是尋求真值。但是由于測(cè)量誤差的存在,真值無法測(cè)得,只能用多次測(cè)量的算術(shù)平均值作為其近似值,測(cè)量次數(shù)越高,接近程度越高,當(dāng)測(cè)量次數(shù)足夠多時(shí),近似值趨于穩(wěn)定。28.結(jié)構(gòu)中遇到的動(dòng)載一般有哪兩類?振動(dòng)試驗(yàn)的目的是什么?答:結(jié)構(gòu)中遇到的動(dòng)載有兩類:振動(dòng)與移動(dòng)荷載。振動(dòng)試驗(yàn)的目的是測(cè)定結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力特性、結(jié)構(gòu)的響應(yīng)及結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞特性等。29.研究性疲勞試驗(yàn)一般研究哪些內(nèi)容?答:研究性疲勞試驗(yàn)一般研究以下內(nèi)容:1)開裂荷載及開裂情況;2)裂縫的寬度、長度、間距及其隨荷載重復(fù)次數(shù)的變化;3)最大撓度及其變化;4)疲勞極限;5)疲勞破壞特征。30.檢驗(yàn)性疲勞試驗(yàn)一般研究哪些內(nèi)容?答:檢驗(yàn)性疲勞試驗(yàn),通常是在重復(fù)荷載作用下,經(jīng)歷規(guī)定的荷載重復(fù)次數(shù)的荷載作用期間及之后,對(duì)下列內(nèi)容進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn):1)抗裂性能;2)開裂荷載、裂縫寬度及開展情況;3)最大撓度的變化情況。31.對(duì)建筑結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)的研究有哪些方面,列舉其中三個(gè)?答:1)減震與隔震研究;2)減輕和防止地震災(zāi)害;3)風(fēng)震研究;4)建筑物承受其他振動(dòng)荷載的研究,如沖擊、爆炸等。32.建筑結(jié)構(gòu)抗震試驗(yàn)按照試驗(yàn)方法和試驗(yàn)手段的不同,分為哪幾類?答:建筑結(jié)構(gòu)抗震試驗(yàn)按照試驗(yàn)方法和試驗(yàn)手段的不同,可以分為低周反復(fù)加載試驗(yàn)(偽靜力試驗(yàn))、擬動(dòng)力試驗(yàn)和動(dòng)力加載試驗(yàn)。33.結(jié)構(gòu)抗震試驗(yàn)的特點(diǎn)是什么?要求觀測(cè)的內(nèi)容有哪些?答:結(jié)構(gòu)抗震試驗(yàn)的特點(diǎn)是荷載作用反復(fù),結(jié)構(gòu)變形很大。試驗(yàn)要求做到結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件屈服以后,進(jìn)入非線性工作階段,直至完全破壞;試驗(yàn)要求同時(shí)觀測(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)度、變形、非線性性能和結(jié)構(gòu)的實(shí)際破壞狀態(tài)。34.低周反復(fù)加載試驗(yàn)有哪些優(yōu)點(diǎn)和不足?答:低周反復(fù)加載試驗(yàn)的三個(gè)主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是:1)試驗(yàn)設(shè)備比較簡單;2)加載歷程可人為控制,并可按需要加以改變或修正;3)在試驗(yàn)的過程中,可以停下來觀察結(jié)構(gòu)的開裂和破壞狀態(tài),便于檢驗(yàn)、校核試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)和儀器設(shè)備工作情況。低周反復(fù)加載試驗(yàn)的不足是由于對(duì)稱的、有規(guī)律的低周反復(fù)加載與某一次確定性的非線性地震相差甚遠(yuǎn),不能反映應(yīng)變速率對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,所以無法再現(xiàn)真實(shí)地震的狀況。35.地震模擬振動(dòng)臺(tái)動(dòng)力加載試驗(yàn)在抗震研究中的作用主要體現(xiàn)在哪些方面?答:地震模擬振動(dòng)臺(tái)動(dòng)力加載試驗(yàn)的主要作用體現(xiàn)在:1)研究結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力特性、破壞機(jī)理及震害原因;2)驗(yàn)證抗震計(jì)算理論和計(jì)算模型的正確性;3)研究動(dòng)力相似理論,為模型試驗(yàn)提供依據(jù);4)檢驗(yàn)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,提高抗震性能,為生產(chǎn)服務(wù);5)為結(jié)構(gòu)抗震靜力試驗(yàn)提供試驗(yàn)依據(jù)。請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容,O(∩_∩)O謝謝?。?!2015年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全,電大期末考試必備小抄,電大考試必過小抄Shanghai’s Suzhou Creek has witnessed much of the city’s history. Zhou Wenting travels this storied body of water and finds its most fascinating spots. Some lucky cities can boast a great body of water, like London with the river Thames and Paris with the river Seine. Shanghai is privileged enough to have two great bodies of water: Huangpu River and Suzhou River became famous when colonists established clusters of grand buildings on its banks on what became known as the bund. Today, the bund overlooks the breathtaking skyline of Lujiazui financial district. Shanghai’s other body of water, however, Suzhou Creek, has been somewhat overshadowed. Suzhou Creek links the inland cities of Jiangsu province with Shanghai. When the British colonists, who arrived in the city after it was opened as a mercial port in 1843 found they could reach Suzhou, Jiangsu province, via the creek, they named it Suzhou Creek. Thanks to its location, a large amount of cargo and travelers were transported via the creek before rail links were established. But after a century of being utilized as a waterway to transport goods and labor, the creek grew dark and smelly. Industrial factories were established along the banks. In the 1990s it became a key task of the city government to clean the creek. Suzhou Creek, which snakes 17 km from the iconic Waibaidu Bridge downtown to the outer ring road in west Shanghai, maps the changing periods of the city’s history, including the imprints of the concessions, the beginning of industrialization and the improvement in people’s living conditions. Where the Bund began Inbetween the shopping street of East Nanjing Road and the Bund, are a cluster of streets that give me the illusion that I am no longer in modern Shanghai. The streets are narrow and old and crisscross each other. Any old residential hous