【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ilhexium)，也稱 Sg(Seabium)，以紀(jì)念美國核物理學(xué)家西伯格 (Glenn Theodore Seab, 19121999)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了镎 (93)，是 1951 年諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲得者。 107. Uns(Unnilseptium)， 也稱 Bh(Bohrium)， 以紀(jì)念丹麥物理學(xué)家玻爾 (NielsHenrik David Bohr, 18851962)，他是量子力學(xué)的奠基人之一， 1922 年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲得者。 108. Uno(Unniloctium)，也稱 Hs(Hassium)，該原子由德國達(dá)姆施塔特 (Darmstardt)重離 子研究中心獲得，用該實(shí)驗(yàn)室的所在地黑森州 (Hessen)命名。 109. Une(Unnilenntium)，也稱 Mt(Meitnerium)，以紀(jì)念猶太裔瑞典核物理學(xué)家麥特納 (Lise Meitner, 18781968)，他和哈恩 (參見第 105 號元素 )共同發(fā)現(xiàn)了鈾原子的核裂變反應(yīng)。 110. Darmstadtium(Ds) 由于在德國 Darmstadt 鎮(zhèn)制造出 111 . Roentgium(Rg) (倫琴 ium) 紀(jì)念物理學(xué)家倫琴 ? Expressions and Technical Terms ? posed of 由 …… 組成 ? be deposed into 被分解成 ? whole number ratio 整數(shù)比 ? percent by weight 重量百分比 ? identified and distinguished 鑒別和區(qū)別 ? ratio of 比率 ? carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 ? positive and negative charges 正電荷和負(fù)電荷 ? ordinary table sugar 普通方糖 About 85% of the elements can be found in nature, usually bined with other elements in minerals and vegetable matter or in substances like water and carbon dioxide. 大約 85%的元素可以在自然界被發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們通常在礦物、植物或者象水和二氧化碳這樣的物質(zhì)中與其他元素結(jié)合。 bined with（過去分詞短語） 和 in（介詞短語）作狀語，說明元素的存在形式。 Copper, silver, gold, and about 20 other elements can be found in highly pure forms. Sixteen elements are not found in nature。 they have been produced in generally small amounts in nuclear explosions and nuclear research. They are manmade elements. 銅、銀、金子和大約 20種其他元素可以以高度純凈的形式存在。十六種元素在自然界不能被找到；它們是人造元素，一般在核爆炸和核研究中少量生產(chǎn)。 Pure substances posed of two or more elements are called pounds. Because they contain two or more elements, pounds, unlike elements, are capable of being deposed into simpler substances by chemical changes. The ultimate chemical deposition of pounds produces the elements from which they are made. posed of two or more elements是過去分詞作 Pure substances的定語。 Because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句 from which they are made是定語從句，限定 the elements 。 ? 由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)元素組成的純凈物稱化合物，化合物不同于元素，由于它們包含兩個(gè)或多個(gè)元素，能被化學(xué)反應(yīng)分解為單質(zhì)，化合物的最終分解為組成它們的元素。 ? The atoms of the elements in a pound are bined in whole number ratio, not in fractional parts of an atom. Atoms bined with one another to form pounds which exist as either molecule or ions. A molecule is a small, uncharged individual unit of a pound formed by the union of two or more atoms, if we subdivide a drop of water into smaller and smaller particals。 we ultimately obtain a single unit of water known as a molecule of water. This water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom bonded together. We cannot subdivide this unit further without destroying the molecule, breaking it up into its elements. Thus, a water molecule is the smallest unit of the pound water. ? which exist as either molecule or ions是定語從句， 說明 pounds的存在形式。 ? if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句。 在化合物中不同元素的原子以整數(shù)比率相結(jié)合，而不是以原子的分?jǐn)?shù)相結(jié)合；原子互相結(jié)合形成以分子或離子形式存在的化合物。分子是由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)原子組成的不帶電的不可分割的微小物質(zhì)單元，如果我們把水分成非常微小的顆粒，我們最后得到被稱為水分子的水的一個(gè)單一單元。這個(gè)水分子包括結(jié)合在一起的二個(gè)氫原子和一個(gè)氧原子。我們不可能進(jìn)一步細(xì)分這個(gè)單位而不破壞這個(gè)分子，分解它就會變成組成他的元素。因此，水分子是化合物水的最小的單位。 An ion is a positive or negative electrically charged atom or group of atoms. The ions in a pound are held together in a crystalline structure by the attractive forces of their positive and negative charges. Compounds consisting of ions do not exist as molecules. Sodium chloride is an example of a nonmolecular pound. Although this type of pound consists of large numbers of positive and negative ions, its formula is usually represented by the simplest ratio of the atoms in the pound. Thus, the ratio of ions in sodium chloride is one sodium ion to one chlorine ion. 離子是帶正電荷或負(fù)性電荷的原子或原子團(tuán)。在晶體結(jié)構(gòu)中（離子）化合物中的離子中通過它們所帶的正、負(fù)電荷間的吸引力結(jié)合在一起，因此由離子組成的化合物不存在分子。 氯化鈉是一種非分子化合物的例子，雖然這種類型的化合物包括很大數(shù)量的正和負(fù)離子，它的分子式通常以在化合物中原子的最簡單的比率作代表，因此，離子比率在氯化鈉是一個(gè)鈉離子比一個(gè)氯離子。 consisting of ions 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作 Compounds的定語 Compounds exist either as molecules which consist of two or more elements bonded together or in the form of positive and negative ions held together by the attractive force of their positive and negative charges. either …or… ，要么 … ，要么 … which consist of引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾 molecules The pound carbon monoxide (CO) is posed of carbon and oxygen in the ratio of one atom of carbon to one atom of oxygen. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) contains a ratio of one atom of hydrogen to one atom of chlorine. Compounds may contain more than one atom of the same element. Methane (“ natural gas” CH4) is posed of carbon and hydrogen in a ratio of one carbon atom to four hydrogen atoms。 ordinary table sugar (sucrose, C12H22O11) contains a ra