【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 developers chart the right course for their projects. Says Lydon, “A developer can really learn what’s working in the neighborhood from a marketplace perspective — it could really inform or change their plans. Hopefully they can ingratiate themselves with the neighborhood and build munity. There is real potential if the developers are really looking to do that.” 充分檢驗(yàn)工程也會(huì)有助于開(kāi)發(fā)商為其工程選擇正確道路。賴(lài)登說(shuō)：“開(kāi)發(fā)商可以從市場(chǎng)的角度了解到：居民區(qū)里什么建筑效果好，好的建筑真地可以給他們以啟迪或改變他們的規(guī)劃。令人可喜的是，他們可以與街區(qū)融為一體并建設(shè)社區(qū)。如果開(kāi)發(fā)商真地要這樣做，潛力的確不小。” And they are. Brooklyn’s De Kalb Market, for example, was supposed to be in place for just three years, but became a neighborhood center where there hadn’t been much of one before. “People gravitated towards it,” says Lydon. “People like going there. You run the risk of people lamenting the loss of that. The developer would be smart to integrate things like the munity garden — [giving residents an] opportunity to keep growing food on the site. The radio station could get a permanent space. The beer garden could be kept.” 這種例子確實(shí)不少。例如，布魯克林區(qū)的德 .卡爾波市場(chǎng)原本計(jì)劃只存在三年，但是后來(lái)卻成了街區(qū)中心；過(guò)去可不是這樣子?！叭藗兌急晃チ耍辟?lài)登說(shuō)。“大家都喜歡去哪里。你可能會(huì)碰到有人因?yàn)闆](méi)機(jī)會(huì)去而哭鼻子。 開(kāi)發(fā)商如果能夠像社區(qū)公園那樣把建筑融合起來(lái)并給居民就地種菜的機(jī)會(huì)，那就太聰明了。電臺(tái)可以有一個(gè)永久的空間。啤酒廣場(chǎng)也可以保留下來(lái)?！? San Francisco’s PROXY project is similar. Retail, restaurants and cultural spaces housed within an artful configuration of shipping containers, designed by Envelope Architecture and Design, were given a fiveyear temporary home on governmentowned vacant lots in the city’s Hayes Valley neighborhood while developers opted to sit tight during the recession. Affordable housing is promised for the site。 the developers will now be able to create it in a neighborhood that has bee increasingly vibrant and pedestrianfriendly. 舊金山的“普洛克西”工程是一個(gè)類(lèi)似的例子。該工程由“安圍牢建筑設(shè)計(jì)”活動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)，包括零售商店、餐館和文化場(chǎng)所，全部位于由人工拼裝的運(yùn)輸集裝箱內(nèi)，在海耶斯谷街區(qū)政府擁有的空?qǐng)龅嘏R時(shí)安家五年。相比之下，開(kāi)發(fā)商則在經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條時(shí)期則按兵不動(dòng)。政府保證在該區(qū)域建經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房；開(kāi)發(fā)商是不會(huì)在日益繁榮和步行友好型的街區(qū)建經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房的。 On an even larger scale, the major developer Forest City has been testing these ideas of trial and error in the 5M Project in downtown San Francisco. While waiting out the downturn, the folks behind 5M have been betatesting tenants and uses at their 5th amp。 Mission location, which was (and still is) home to the San Francisco Chronicle and now also to anizations like TechShop, the coworking space HubSoma, the art gallery Intersection for the Arts, the tech pany Square and a smattering of food carts to feed those hungry, hardworking tenants. A few years earlier, Forest City would have been more likely to throw up an office tower with some luxury condos on top and call it a day: according to a pany vice president, Alexa Arena, the recession allowed Forest City to spend time “reimagining places for our emerging economy and what kind of environment helps facilitate that.” 大開(kāi)發(fā)商“森林城市”從更大規(guī)模上檢驗(yàn)舊金山中心區(qū)的“ 5M 工程”的嘗試與失誤中的上述理念。在等待經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退結(jié)束的同時(shí)， M5 工程后邊的百姓一直在其“第五項(xiàng)目”區(qū)測(cè)驗(yàn)住戶(hù)和用途，入住該區(qū)的過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在有《舊金山紀(jì)事報(bào)》、還有一些機(jī)構(gòu)例如“技術(shù)工作室”、“集創(chuàng)館”、藝術(shù)交流藝術(shù)館、“正方”技術(shù)公司和為數(shù)不多的幾輛向辛勤勞作的住戶(hù)們送餐的食品車(chē)。 In “The Interventionist’s Toolkit,” the critic Mimi Zeiger wrote that the real success for . urbanist interventions won’t be based on any one project but will “happen when we can evaluate the movement based on outreach, economic impact, munity empowerment, entrepreneurship, sustainability and design. We’re not quite there yet.” 在《干涉主 義者百寶箱》一書(shū)里，批評(píng)家咪咪 .齊格“自己動(dòng)手”城市主義者的干預(yù)行為的真正的成功將不依賴(lài)任何一個(gè)工程，“當(dāng)我們可以根據(jù)擴(kuò)展范圍、經(jīng)濟(jì)影響、社區(qū)授權(quán)、企業(yè)家精神、可持續(xù)性和設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)這一運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)候，就會(huì)取得成功。我們還任重道遠(yuǎn)?！? She’s right. And one doesn’t have to search for examples of temporary projects that not only failed but did so catastrophically (see: Hurricane Katrina trailers, for example). A huge reason for tactical urbanism’s appeal relates to politics. As one practitioner put it, “We’re doing these things to bat the slowness of government.” 她說(shuō)得對(duì)。 人們不必費(fèi)神去找一些不僅僅失敗而且慘敗的臨時(shí)性工程的例子（例如“卡特里娜颶風(fēng)房車(chē)）。人們對(duì)零時(shí)性城市主義的誘惑趨 之若鶩的一個(gè)巨大原因與政治有關(guān)。正如一個(gè)實(shí)踐者指出的那樣：“我們搞這些臨時(shí)性建筑，是為了對(duì)抗政府的拖拖拉拉?！? But all of this is more than a response to bureaucracy。 at its best it’s a bold expression of unfettered thinking and creativity … and there’s certainly not enough of that going around these days. An embrace of the temporary and tactical may not be perfect, but it could be one of the strongest tools in the arsenal of citybuilding we’ve got. 但是，這些還不僅僅是為了反對(duì)官僚作風(fēng)； 充其