【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 通過澆澆花，也許再看看花草，把它們一棵一棵地當(dāng)人一樣地看看，來慢慢地找回自我。這需要一段時(shí)間。當(dāng)我看著噴泉激起的水花時(shí)，這個(gè)時(shí)刻便來到了：周圍的世界慢慢地消失，自我再次從潛意識(shí)里涌出，帶回到我剛才經(jīng)歷過的一切，讓我探究、讓我領(lǐng)悟?！?005年8級(jí)測(cè)試英譯漢】 It is simple enough to say that since books have classes — fiction, biography, poetry — we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us1. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most monly we e to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices2. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author: try to bee him. Be his fellowworker and acplice3. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read4. But if you open your mind as widely as possible5, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this6, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite.【概述】 這是論述怎樣讀書的散文中的第一段話（全文見Unit 2的范例欣賞How Should One Read A Book?），作者是英國著名現(xiàn)代女作家弗吉尼亞伍爾夫（1882——1941），她的主要作品有《達(dá)羅衛(wèi)夫人》、《到燈塔去》、《海浪》等長篇小說，以描寫意識(shí)流見長。該文開宗明義談如何讀書，實(shí)際上兼有文學(xué)評(píng)論的性質(zhì)。全文用詞樸素、行文流暢，而內(nèi)涵豐富、意味深長。翻譯時(shí)，需仔細(xì)品味原文的含義，明白無誤地表達(dá)出作者的意思與風(fēng)格。所采用的翻譯方法有：省略法、詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯法、分譯法、增詞法等。 【翻譯要點(diǎn)評(píng)析】 is simple enough to say……each should give us: 該句中It 是指代to say + that 所引導(dǎo)的賓語從句?？刹捎梅肿g法翻譯此句，先將賓語從句譯成一個(gè)獨(dú)立句，再將主句譯成一個(gè)獨(dú)立句：“這話說來很簡(jiǎn)單。”2. Most monly……our own prejudices: e to books 應(yīng)理解為“著手閱讀”或“捧起書本”。Blurred and divided minds 可譯為“模糊而又雜亂的想法”。另外，在翻譯asking for 后面所跟的從句時(shí)，可省略代詞it。此句中it 后均用shall, 表示說話人的意圖，意為“必須”。3. Do not dictate……Be his fellowworker and acplice: 這兩句的意思層層遞進(jìn)，如果合譯成一句，效果更好。第二句中的兩個(gè)名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞。而acplice 本意指“同謀”或“幫兇”，具有貶義，這里應(yīng)選擇褒義詞來表達(dá)其意，可譯為“共同創(chuàng)作”。4. from what you read: 該短句不必按字面意思翻譯，可引申為“從書中”。5. open your mind as widely as possible: 此處可在翻譯時(shí)適當(dāng)增詞，用兩個(gè)詞組來表達(dá)其意：“敞開心扉，虛懷若谷”，這樣后一個(gè)詞更進(jìn)一步說明“敞開心扉”后的境界。6. Steep yourself in this……with this: 這是兩個(gè)并列祈使句，表示一種條件。翻譯時(shí)可采用合句法譯為一個(gè)單句并省略掉第一部分的指示代詞this, “鉆進(jìn)去熟悉它“。【參考譯文】既然書有小說、傳記、詩歌之分，我們就應(yīng)把它們分類，從各類書中汲取其應(yīng)該給予我們的營養(yǎng)。這話說來很簡(jiǎn)單。然而很少有人要求從書籍中得到它們所能提供的養(yǎng)分。我們總是三心二意地帶著模糊的觀念去看書，要求小說必須真實(shí)，要求詩歌必須虛構(gòu)，要求傳記阿諛逢迎，要求史書能加強(qiáng)自己的偏見。讀書時(shí)如能拋開這些先入之見，便是極好的開端。不要對(duì)作者指手劃腳，而要盡力與作者融為一體，共同構(gòu)思，共同創(chuàng)作。如果你不參與，不投入，而且一開始就百般挑剔，那你就無緣從書中獲得最大益處。你若敞開心扉，虛懷若谷，那么書中精細(xì)入微的寓意和暗示便會(huì)把你從開頭那些山回水轉(zhuǎn)般的句子中帶出來，走到一個(gè)獨(dú)特的人物面前。鉆進(jìn)去熟悉它，你很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，作者展示給你的或想要展示給你的是一些比原先要明確得多的東西?！?006年8級(jí)測(cè)試英譯漢】I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering. // You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air. //War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. //You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word, It is victory. Victory at all costsvictory in spite of all terrorsvictory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival. // Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.【參考譯文】我所能奉獻(xiàn)的唯有熱血、辛勞、眼淚和汗水我們所面臨的將是一場(chǎng)極其嚴(yán)酷的考驗(yàn)，將是曠日持久的斗爭(zhēng)和苦難。//若問我們的政策是什么？我的回答是：在陸上、海上、空中作戰(zhàn)。盡我們的全力，盡上帝賦予我們的全部力量去作戰(zhàn)，對(duì)人類黑暗、可悲的罪惡史上空前兇殘的暴政作戰(zhàn)。//若問我們的目標(biāo)是什么？我可以用一個(gè)詞來回答，那就是勝利。不惜一切代價(jià)，去奪取勝利——不懼一切恐怖，去奪取勝利——不論前路如何漫長、如何艱苦，去奪取勝利。因?yàn)闆]有勝利就不能生存。//我們務(wù)必認(rèn)識(shí)到，沒有勝利就不復(fù)有大英帝國，沒有勝利就不復(fù)有大英帝國所象征的一切，沒有勝利就不復(fù)有多少世紀(jì)以來的強(qiáng)烈要求和沖動(dòng)：人類應(yīng)當(dāng)向自己的目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)?！?007年8級(jí)測(cè)試英譯漢】Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to prehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos, the most basic constituents of matter, and the miracle of life. At the same time, today, the actions, and inaction, of human beings imperil not only life on the planet, but the very life of the planet.Globalization is making the world smaller, faster and richer. Still, 9/11, avian flu, and Iran remind us that a smaller, faster world is not necessarily a safer world.Our world is bursting with knowledge but desperately in need of wisdom. Now, when sound bites are getting shorter, when instant messages crowd out essays, and when individual lives grow more frenzied, college graduates capable of deep reflection are what our world needs. For all these re