【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ur beloved motherland.　　　here/there/now/then/hence置于句首而主語不是人稱代詞時　　Here es the bus.　段落組織技巧開頭段　　　對于大學(xué)英語四級的寫作考題來說，限于篇幅，其開頭段一般都不長。然而，這寥寥幾句話卻占有十分重要的地位，它表達(dá)的是整篇文章的主題思想。開頭段的作用是概括陳述主題，提出觀點(diǎn)或論點(diǎn)，表明寫作意圖，要求語言精練，直接切入主題或引出觀點(diǎn)，一般不對主題進(jìn)行深入的探討，具體的論證或說明描述應(yīng)該在中間段落進(jìn)行，開頭段一般寫三、四句即可。在組織開頭段時要注意避免以下幾點(diǎn)：　　　開頭偏離主題太遠(yuǎn)，否則會容易導(dǎo)致切題不準(zhǔn)，主題不明　　　使用抱歉或埋怨之詞句，因?yàn)樯鐣餍墒浅珜?dǎo)積極向上的思想　　　內(nèi)容不具體，言之無物，使用不言自明的陳述，給人以充數(shù)累贅之感　主題句法（use of topic sentence）　常用句型歸納1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.　3) Recently the phenomenon has bee a heated topic.　4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ...5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ...6) Never in our history has the idea that ... been so popular.7) Faced with ..., quite a few people argue that ...8) According to a recent survey, ...9) With the rapid development of ..., ...結(jié)尾段結(jié)尾段的寫作方法可以歸納如下：　　　總結(jié)歸納　　簡要總結(jié)歸納文章要點(diǎn)，以便深化主題印象?！　　≈厣曛黝}　　再次強(qiáng)調(diào)和確定文章開頭闡述的中心思想　　　預(yù)測展望立足當(dāng)前，放眼未來?！√岢鼋ㄗh提出解決問題的途徑、方法或呼吁人們采取相應(yīng)的行動　提出問題　　提出具有發(fā)人深省的問題，從而突出中心思想?！　　∫酶裱杂酶裱?、諺語或習(xí)語總括全文中心思想。結(jié)尾句型　　1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ...　　2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ...　　3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ...　　4) In conclusion, it is imperative that ...　　5) There is no easy method, but ...might be of some help.　　6) To solve the abovementioned problem, we must ...　　7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the abovementioned issue, more problems will crop up.　　8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.　　9) We might do more than identify the cause 。 it is important to take actions to ...　　10) Taking all these into account, we ...　　11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...中間段　　再看一下中間段落的組織。中間段的任務(wù)是依據(jù)開頭段所交代的內(nèi)容來闡述文章的論點(diǎn)，圍繞主題或論點(diǎn)展開討論，或就具體要求進(jìn)行描述和說明。　　中間段是文章的正文，其作用是從不同的層面對文章主題進(jìn)行具體和詳實(shí)的解釋和論證。中間段篇幅一般比開頭段和結(jié)尾段長，每段有相應(yīng)的主題句，包含定義、解釋、描寫等手法，說明主題思想的擴(kuò)展句采用實(shí)例、數(shù)據(jù)或個人經(jīng)歷等寫作手段，當(dāng)然不同種類的段落采用不同的擴(kuò)展手段?！　≈虚g段有以下具體特點(diǎn)：　　　所涉及內(nèi)容應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)確、清楚，頗具說服力；　　　段落中一定具備主題句；　　　段落內(nèi)容應(yīng)該保持完整、統(tǒng)一，沒有說明不足之處或多余冗長的細(xì)節(jié)；　　　內(nèi)容順序安排合理，邏輯性較強(qiáng)；　　　段落之間連貫自然；　　　段落中討論的內(nèi)容主次分明，材料比例適當(dāng)；　　　詞與句型運(yùn)用合理并且有變化?！　〕Ｓ玫闹虚g段展開方法歸納如下：　　　列舉法　　　比較對比法　　　因果法　　　例證法　分類法英語四級常用句型總結(jié)開頭 Recently, the problem of … has aroused people’s concern. 最近,…問題已引起人們的關(guān)注. Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our daytoday life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. ,但也產(chǎn)生了一些嚴(yán)重的問題. Nowadays, (overpopulation) has bee a problem we have to face. 如今,(人口過剩)已成為我們不得不面對的問題了. It is monly believed that… / It is a mon belief that… 人們一般認(rèn)為… Many people insist that… 很多人堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為… With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that… 隨著科技的發(fā)展,越來越多的人認(rèn)為… A lot of people seem to think that… 很多人似乎認(rèn)為… 引出不同觀點(diǎn): People’s views on… vary from person to person. Some hold that… . However, others believe that…. 人們對…….. 然而其他人卻認(rèn)為．．． People may have different opinions on… 人們對…可能會有不同的見解. Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person. 人們對待吸毒的態(tài)度因人而異. There are different opinions among people as to… 關(guān)于…. 人們的觀點(diǎn)大不相同. Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 對(失敗)人們的態(tài)度各不相同. 結(jié)尾 Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally e to the conclusion that… 把所有這些因素加以考慮,我們自然會得出結(jié)論… Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably e to the conclusion that… 考慮所有這些因素,我們可能會得出合理的結(jié)論… Hence/Therefore, we’d better e to the conclusion that… 因此,我們最好得出這樣的結(jié)論… There is no doubt that (jobhopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫無疑問,跳槽有優(yōu)點(diǎn)也有缺點(diǎn). All in all, we cannot live without… But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise. 總之,我們沒有…,我們必須尋求新的解決辦法來對付可能出現(xiàn)的新問題. 提出建議: It is high time that we put an end to the (trend). 該是我們停止這一趨勢的時候了. It is time to take the advice of … and to put special emphasis on the improvement of … 該是采納…的建議,并對…的進(jìn)展給予特殊重視的時候了. There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of … 毫無疑問,對…問題應(yīng)予以足夠的重視. Obviously,…. If we want to do something… , it is essential that… 顯然,如果我們想做某事,很重要的是… Only in this way can we… 只有這樣,我們才能… It must be realized that… 我們必須意識到… 預(yù)示后果: Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that… will lead us in danger. 很明顯,如果我們不能控制這一問題,很有可能我們會陷入危險. No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that… 毫無疑問,除非我們采取有效措施,很可能會… It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation. 很緊迫的是,應(yīng)立即采取措施阻止這一事態(tài)的發(fā)展. 論證 From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second. 在我看來,支持第一種觀點(diǎn)比支持第二種觀點(diǎn)更有道理. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that… 我無法完全同意這一觀點(diǎn)…. Personally, I am standing on the side of … 就個人而言,我站在…的一邊. I sincerely believe that… 我真誠地相信… In my opinion, it is more advisable to do … than to do…. 在我個人看來,做…比做…更明智. Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why… 給出原因: This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First, … Second, … Third, … , … 第二, … 第三, … Why did… ? For one thing… For another…. Perhaps the primary reason is… 為什么會…? 一個原因是… 令一個原因是… 或許其主要原因是…. I quite agree with the statement that… the reasons are chiefly as follows. 我十分贊同這一論述,即…,其主要原因如下: 列出解決辦法: Here are some suggestions for handling… 這是如何處理某事的一些建議. The best way to solve the troubles is… 解決這些麻煩的最好辦法是… People have figured out many ways to solve this problem. 人們已找出許多辦法來解決這個問題. 批判錯誤觀點(diǎn)和做法: As far as something is concerned, …. 就某事而言,… It was obvious that… 很顯然,…. It may be true that…, but it doesn’t mean that… 可能…是對的,但這并不意味著… It is natural to believe t