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dler roleThe manager resolves conflicts among subordinates or between his/her department and other departments.障礙排除者resource allocator roleThe resource allocator role is about decisions of allocating people, time, equipment, budget, and other resources to attain desired outes.資源分配者negotiator roleThe manager negotiates on behalf of the organization.談判者conceptual skillconceptual skill is the cognitive ability to see the organization as a whole and the relationship among its parts.概念技能human skillHuman skill is the manager’s ability to work with and through other people and to work effectively as a group member.人際技能technical skillTechnical skill is the understanding of and proficiency in the performance of specific tasks.技術(shù)技能/業(yè)務(wù)技能Chapter 5:TermsEnglish Definition中文翻譯productionProduction is the process of transforming inputs such as raw materials into outputs such as goods and services.生產(chǎn)manufacturingManufacturing is one part of production which means making goods by hand or with machinery as opposed to extracting things from the earth (mining and fishing).制造operationOperations are the functions needed to keep the pany producing, literally any function or series of functions introduced to carry out a strategic plan.運(yùn)作inputsInputs to the production process are those resources that will be needed to produce the desired goods or services.投入品transformationTransformation consists of those production activities that take the inputs and bine them in some special way to produce the output.改造,轉(zhuǎn)換outputsThe output is the final result of the production process.產(chǎn)品plant locationPlant location can mean the difference between profit and loss for a firm.廠址的選定production process生產(chǎn)工藝manufacturing process制造工藝assembly process裝配工藝synthetic process合成工藝analytic process分解工藝continuous process連續(xù)性生產(chǎn)工藝intermittent process機(jī)械性生產(chǎn)工藝materials management物料管理materials requirements planning (MRP)MRP is a puterbased system that uses sales forecasts to make sure that needed parts and materials are available at the right place and the right time.物料需求計(jì)劃manufacturing resource planning (MRPII)MRPII is an advanced version of MRP that allows plants to include all the resources involved in the efficient making of a product.制造資源計(jì)劃enterprise resource planning (ERP)ERP is a puterbased production and operations system that links multiple firms into one integrated production unit.企業(yè)資源計(jì)劃purchasingPurchasing is the function in the pany that searches for quality material resources.采購(gòu)inventory Inventory refers to a list of goods and materials held available in stock.庫(kù)存inventory control庫(kù)存控制manufacturer制造商distributor分銷商wholesaler批發(fā)商retailer零售商Justintime(JIT) inventory control The idea is to have suppliers deliver their products “just in time” to go on the assembly line.準(zhǔn)時(shí)庫(kù)存控制JIT II準(zhǔn)時(shí)庫(kù)存控制二代job scheduleA job schedule is the plan for a particular job.工作計(jì)劃schedulingScheduling amalgamate several job schedules.制訂計(jì)劃production schedule / factory schedule生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃/工廠計(jì)劃master production schedule主生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃crosstraining workers綜合訓(xùn)練的工人program evaluation and review technique (PERT) chart項(xiàng)目評(píng)估與審查技術(shù)路線圖critical path關(guān)鍵路徑flexible manufacturing systems (FMS)柔性制造系統(tǒng)puteraided design(CAD)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)puteraided manufacturing (CAM)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助生產(chǎn)puteraided engineering (CAE)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工程lean manufacturingLean manufacturing is the production of goods using less of everything pared to mass production.精益生產(chǎn)modular construction組合生產(chǎn)productivityProductivity means the amount of products or services produced with the resources used.生產(chǎn)率productivity measurement生產(chǎn)率衡量performance evaluation業(yè)績(jī)?cè)u(píng)估qualityThe quality of a product or service is a customer’s perception of the degree to which the product or service meets his/her expectations.